xviii
High-Pressure Grinding Rolls’ Historical Timeline: Past to Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3799
Evaluation of Bond Working Indices for HPGR Crushing Products in Relationship to
Selected Operational Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3809
Optimization of the Chromium Ore Milling Replacing a Bar Mill by a High-Pressure
Grinding Rolls (HPGR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3817
Predicting the Performance of an Industrial HPGR with Severely Worn Rollers Using DEM. .........3824
Ball Mill Circuits and Fine Grinding
Dynamic Simulation of Multicomponent Grinding Circuits Using Dyssol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3831
Investigating Slurry Viscosity Effects in Tumbling Mills Using Two-Way Coupled SPH-DEM Simulations ...3838
Optimization and Evolution of Large Ring Geared Mill Drives During the First 10 Years of Operation . . . . 3846
Pilot Plant for Wet Grinding with Vertical Roller Mill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3859
Prediction of Vertimill Liner Wear by Using Discrete Element Method. ....................3875
Using Functional Performance Analysis and Apparent Cumulative Grinding Rates to
Optimize the Processing Performance of Ball Milling Circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3881
Vertimill Wear Sensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3890
Optimization and Ore Feed Property Implications for Comminution Circuits
Application of Dynamic Process Simulation for Optimizing Bin Sizes of Crushing Plants. . . . . . . . . . . 3895
Characterisation, Modelling and Description of Multi‑Component Ore Types Using the Extended
Drop Weight Test. ...............................................3905
Characterising Diamond Breakage from the Processing of Kimberlite Ore: A Case Study. ...........3918
Insights into Slag Particle Breakage: Integrating Ex‑Situ Experiments with In-Situ Compression via
X-Ray Computed Tomography. ........................................3929
Real-time Particle Size Distribution System for Cone Crusher Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3938
Unlocking Real-Time Grinding Optimization: Insights from Inside the Mill. .................3946
Comminution Technology/Innovation
Paper Withdrawn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3958
Simulation, Design, and Model Validation for the Conjugate Anvil Hammer Mill (CAHM) Platform
Using Rocky DEM � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3967
Paper Withdrawn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3979

Previous Page Next Page

Extracted Text (may have errors)

xviii
High-Pressure Grinding Rolls’ Historical Timeline: Past to Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3799
Evaluation of Bond Working Indices for HPGR Crushing Products in Relationship to
Selected Operational Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3809
Optimization of the Chromium Ore Milling Replacing a Bar Mill by a High-Pressure
Grinding Rolls (HPGR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3817
Predicting the Performance of an Industrial HPGR with Severely Worn Rollers Using DEM. .........3824
Ball Mill Circuits and Fine Grinding
Dynamic Simulation of Multicomponent Grinding Circuits Using Dyssol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3831
Investigating Slurry Viscosity Effects in Tumbling Mills Using Two-Way Coupled SPH-DEM Simulations ...3838
Optimization and Evolution of Large Ring Geared Mill Drives During the First 10 Years of Operation . . . . 3846
Pilot Plant for Wet Grinding with Vertical Roller Mill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3859
Prediction of Vertimill Liner Wear by Using Discrete Element Method. ....................3875
Using Functional Performance Analysis and Apparent Cumulative Grinding Rates to
Optimize the Processing Performance of Ball Milling Circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3881
Vertimill Wear Sensing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3890
Optimization and Ore Feed Property Implications for Comminution Circuits
Application of Dynamic Process Simulation for Optimizing Bin Sizes of Crushing Plants. . . . . . . . . . . 3895
Characterisation, Modelling and Description of Multi‑Component Ore Types Using the Extended
Drop Weight Test. ...............................................3905
Characterising Diamond Breakage from the Processing of Kimberlite Ore: A Case Study. ...........3918
Insights into Slag Particle Breakage: Integrating Ex‑Situ Experiments with In-Situ Compression via
X-Ray Computed Tomography. ........................................3929
Real-time Particle Size Distribution System for Cone Crusher Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3938
Unlocking Real-Time Grinding Optimization: Insights from Inside the Mill. .................3946
Comminution Technology/Innovation
Paper Withdrawn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3958
Simulation, Design, and Model Validation for the Conjugate Anvil Hammer Mill (CAHM) Platform
Using Rocky DEM � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3967
Paper Withdrawn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3979

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xix
Foreword
XXXI IMPC 2024 Proceedings
July 24, 2024
“The rapidly growing demand for metals during the past century has resulted in an increased rate of production and a
consequent depletion of the richer ore reserves, and this has intensified interest in the use and development of methods of
mineral concentration.” No, this was not written specifically to open the foreword to the XXXI IMPC 2024 proceedings
(electronic) publication. It was written 72 years ago by Professor C.W. Dannatt in his introduction to the proceedings of
what was to become the first in the series of International Mineral Processing Congresses. However, we could open with
exactly the same sentence in the foreword to the XXXI IMPC proceedings. The 1952 IMPC was convened at the Imperial
College of Science and Technology, London, and included 40 technical papers presented by a veritable who’s who of min-
eral processing specialists of the day: Antoine Gaudin, Fred Bond, John Dorr, Francis Bosqui, Nat Arbiter, and E. J. Pryor
to name just a few.
The next five Congresses were held on European soil before the USA hosted the VII IMPC in New York in 1964.
Locations subsequently became more exotic—Leningrad, Sao Paulo, and Sydney to name just a few— before returning to
the USA for XIX IMPC 1995 in San Francisco. Since 1995, there have been Congresses in Aachen, Rome, Cape Town,
Istanbul, Beijing, Brisbane, New Delhi, Santiago, Quebec City, Moscow enticing delegates from all over the world to these
wonderful locations. Today, the IMPC brings together the mineral processing community from around the world, includ-
ing specialists from academia, research organizations and institutions, mining and metals companies, government agencies,
and non-profit entities and institutions, with the common goal of advancing the understanding and practices of mineral
processing.
The theme of the XXXI IMPC 2024 is Mineral Processing for the Energy Transition. Global energy systems are in the
midst of a revolutionary transformation that has gained traction over the past fifteen years and looks set to continue over
the next few decades. This transition has three main components
1. Electric drive transportation systems which reap the benefits of high efficiency electric motors,
2. Non-conventional forms of electricity production (sometimes referred to as “renewable energy”), which can pro-
vide opportunities for lower carbon emissions and reduced reliance on fossil fuels,
3. Battery technology developments for use in electric transportation systems and grid scale electricity storage to
enable components of non-conventional electricity generation.
A key driver, if not THE key driver, for the above energy transition components is cost effectiveness, or specifically cost
competitiveness against incumbent energy systems. Technologies that are not cost competitive will not survive or thrive.
Reliance on political motivations, whether these be regulations, policies, or cost incentives will be unlikely to provide a
sustainable basis for any such transition in the long term.
All three components of the energy transition listed above require significantly increased production for a range of
metals and minerals, including copper, aluminum, iron/steel, lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, silver, graphite, silicon,
gallium, indium, and rare earth elements. To meet the needs of the energy transition, the mineral processing community
must not only provide increased volumes of production, but must do this while continuously improving efficiency to ensure
that the emerging energy systems with all of their actual and perceived advantages can maintain (and enhance) their com-
petitiveness against more traditional “disadvantaged” energy systems. As mineral processing engineers, scientists and practi-
tioners, the best that we can offer the world today is a secure, robust supply of metals and minerals at competitive process,
produced in an ethical and environmentally-responsible manner. It is a mission we accept with optimism and enthusiasm.

Previous Page Next Page

Extracted Text (may have errors)

xix
Foreword
XXXI IMPC 2024 Proceedings
July 24, 2024
“The rapidly growing demand for metals during the past century has resulted in an increased rate of production and a
consequent depletion of the richer ore reserves, and this has intensified interest in the use and development of methods of
mineral concentration.” No, this was not written specifically to open the foreword to the XXXI IMPC 2024 proceedings
(electronic) publication. It was written 72 years ago by Professor C.W. Dannatt in his introduction to the proceedings of
what was to become the first in the series of International Mineral Processing Congresses. However, we could open with
exactly the same sentence in the foreword to the XXXI IMPC proceedings. The 1952 IMPC was convened at the Imperial
College of Science and Technology, London, and included 40 technical papers presented by a veritable who’s who of min-
eral processing specialists of the day: Antoine Gaudin, Fred Bond, John Dorr, Francis Bosqui, Nat Arbiter, and E. J. Pryor
to name just a few.
The next five Congresses were held on European soil before the USA hosted the VII IMPC in New York in 1964.
Locations subsequently became more exotic—Leningrad, Sao Paulo, and Sydney to name just a few— before returning to
the USA for XIX IMPC 1995 in San Francisco. Since 1995, there have been Congresses in Aachen, Rome, Cape Town,
Istanbul, Beijing, Brisbane, New Delhi, Santiago, Quebec City, Moscow enticing delegates from all over the world to these
wonderful locations. Today, the IMPC brings together the mineral processing community from around the world, includ-
ing specialists from academia, research organizations and institutions, mining and metals companies, government agencies,
and non-profit entities and institutions, with the common goal of advancing the understanding and practices of mineral
processing.
The theme of the XXXI IMPC 2024 is Mineral Processing for the Energy Transition. Global energy systems are in the
midst of a revolutionary transformation that has gained traction over the past fifteen years and looks set to continue over
the next few decades. This transition has three main components
1. Electric drive transportation systems which reap the benefits of high efficiency electric motors,
2. Non-conventional forms of electricity production (sometimes referred to as “renewable energy”), which can pro-
vide opportunities for lower carbon emissions and reduced reliance on fossil fuels,
3. Battery technology developments for use in electric transportation systems and grid scale electricity storage to
enable components of non-conventional electricity generation.
A key driver, if not THE key driver, for the above energy transition components is cost effectiveness, or specifically cost
competitiveness against incumbent energy systems. Technologies that are not cost competitive will not survive or thrive.
Reliance on political motivations, whether these be regulations, policies, or cost incentives will be unlikely to provide a
sustainable basis for any such transition in the long term.
All three components of the energy transition listed above require significantly increased production for a range of
metals and minerals, including copper, aluminum, iron/steel, lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, silver, graphite, silicon,
gallium, indium, and rare earth elements. To meet the needs of the energy transition, the mineral processing community
must not only provide increased volumes of production, but must do this while continuously improving efficiency to ensure
that the emerging energy systems with all of their actual and perceived advantages can maintain (and enhance) their com-
petitiveness against more traditional “disadvantaged” energy systems. As mineral processing engineers, scientists and practi-
tioners, the best that we can offer the world today is a secure, robust supply of metals and minerals at competitive process,
produced in an ethical and environmentally-responsible manner. It is a mission we accept with optimism and enthusiasm.

xvii
Reprocessing of Tailings II
Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Co-disposed Coal Waste Beds Augmented via
Microbially-Induced Calcite Precipitation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �3536
Paper Withdrawn 3543
Conversion of Siliceous Tailings to Permeable Bricks—Optimization of Pore Structure. ............3551
Paper Withdrawn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3564
Plant Design
Plant Design I
A Review of Beneficiation Practices in the United States Iron Ore Industry. ..................3578
Concentrator Design—A Review of Concentrator Design, Construction and Execution from Our
Designs in the Early 1940s to the Present-Day Mega Projects ..........................3587
Driving Stagewise Development of Processing Operations—The Path to Expediting Revenue. . . . . . . . . 3599
Full Component Utilization of a Sedimentary Lead-Zinc Sulfides Ore Based on Multi-Stage Tailings
Discarding Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3611
The Importance of a Pre-Concentration Stage in a Low-Grade Iron Ore Flowsheet. ..............3623
Plant Design II
Analysis and Improvement of Flotation Circuits for Polymetallic Ores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3637
Integrated Flotation Plant Design: Involving Mechanical and Non-Mechanical Cells. .............3643
Parallel Testing of a Non-Mercury, Non-Cyanide Pilot Plant and a Traditional Small-Scale
Gold Processing Plant in the Philippines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 3650
General
Exploring Pelletization as a Method to Use Low-Grade Chromite Overburden in India . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 3657
High-Purity Iron Preparation Process: Research and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 3671
Comminution
SAG Milling Equipment Design and Circuit Analysis—Part I and Part II
Energy Efficient Grinding with High Powered Gearless Mills. .........................3701
Paper Withdrawn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3715
Full-Scale SAG Mill Modelling Using DEM-SPH Modelling. .........................3731
Effects of the Discharge Design on Wet Grinding Mill Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3738
Optimising SAG Mill Operations: Insights from Real-Time Acoustic Monitoring and Analysis . . . . . . . . 3744
The Effect of Grates Radial Position on an AG Mill Discharge System Using Coupled DEM
SPH Simulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 3755
The Influence of Ball Size Distribution and Mill Diameter on Collision Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3768
The Logical Next Step in SAG and Ball Mills with Gearless Mill Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3777
HPGR Technology
From Concept to Implementation, a Review of the HPGR Circuit Selection for the Côté Gold Project. . . . 3790
A New Model to Predict the Power Draw in Tumbling Mills ...........................3684
Dynamic Simulation for Tumbling Mills Using Analytical Solutions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3691

Previous Page Next Page

Extracted Text (may have errors)

xvii
Reprocessing of Tailings II
Evaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Co-disposed Coal Waste Beds Augmented via
Microbially-Induced Calcite Precipitation � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �3536
Paper Withdrawn 3543
Conversion of Siliceous Tailings to Permeable Bricks—Optimization of Pore Structure. ............3551
Paper Withdrawn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3564
Plant Design
Plant Design I
A Review of Beneficiation Practices in the United States Iron Ore Industry. ..................3578
Concentrator Design—A Review of Concentrator Design, Construction and Execution from Our
Designs in the Early 1940s to the Present-Day Mega Projects ..........................3587
Driving Stagewise Development of Processing Operations—The Path to Expediting Revenue. . . . . . . . . 3599
Full Component Utilization of a Sedimentary Lead-Zinc Sulfides Ore Based on Multi-Stage Tailings
Discarding Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3611
The Importance of a Pre-Concentration Stage in a Low-Grade Iron Ore Flowsheet. ..............3623
Plant Design II
Analysis and Improvement of Flotation Circuits for Polymetallic Ores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3637
Integrated Flotation Plant Design: Involving Mechanical and Non-Mechanical Cells. .............3643
Parallel Testing of a Non-Mercury, Non-Cyanide Pilot Plant and a Traditional Small-Scale
Gold Processing Plant in the Philippines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 3650
General
Exploring Pelletization as a Method to Use Low-Grade Chromite Overburden in India . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 3657
High-Purity Iron Preparation Process: Research and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 3671
Comminution
SAG Milling Equipment Design and Circuit Analysis—Part I and Part II
Energy Efficient Grinding with High Powered Gearless Mills. .........................3701
Paper Withdrawn � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3715
Full-Scale SAG Mill Modelling Using DEM-SPH Modelling. .........................3731
Effects of the Discharge Design on Wet Grinding Mill Performance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3738
Optimising SAG Mill Operations: Insights from Real-Time Acoustic Monitoring and Analysis . . . . . . . . 3744
The Effect of Grates Radial Position on an AG Mill Discharge System Using Coupled DEM
SPH Simulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ⤀ 3755
The Influence of Ball Size Distribution and Mill Diameter on Collision Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3768
The Logical Next Step in SAG and Ball Mills with Gearless Mill Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3777
HPGR Technology
From Concept to Implementation, a Review of the HPGR Circuit Selection for the Côté Gold Project. . . . 3790
A New Model to Predict the Power Draw in Tumbling Mills ...........................3684
Dynamic Simulation for Tumbling Mills Using Analytical Solutions � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3691