XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 2385
1926b). The use of kerosene and other non polar oils war-
rant further investigation to enhance recovery of telluride
minerals.
CONCLUSIONS
The study has focussed on the hydrophobicity of calaverite
and hessite and how it impacts on flotation performance.
The following outcomes were found:
This study has confirmed the natural floatability of
hessite and calaverite.
Zeta potential results indicate further test work at
pH 4 is recommended to determine the optimum
pH range for hessite and calaverite flotation.
The use of PAX destabilised flotation froths at all
dosage levels for both hessite and calaverite. Froth
destabilisation is proposed to be due to high hydro-
phobicity of telluride particles.
The addition of kerosene improved the rate and
recovery of hessite and calaverite for microflotation
tests. The improvement in flotation performance is
due to hydrophobic agglomeration of particles.
The use of non polar oils to recover tellurides from
industrial ores and concentrates presents an option
to develop an alternative extraction process.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author gratefully acknowledges support from the
Australian Government Research Training Program,
Minerals Research Institute of Western Australia Scholarship
Program and the AusIMM Education Endowment Fund
Postgraduate Scholarship.
REFERENCES
Afifi, A. M., Kelly, W. C., &Essene, E. J. (1988). Phase
relations among tellurides, sulfides, and oxides Pt. II,
Applications to telluride-bearing ore deposits. Economic
Geology, 83(2), 395–404.
Allan, G. C., &Woodcock, J. T. (2001). A review of
the flotation of native gold and electrum. Minerals
Engineering, 14(9), 931–962. doi: 10.1016/
S0892-6875(01)00103-0.
Asgari, K., Khoshdast, H., Nakhaei, F., Garmsiri, M. R.,
Huang, Q., &Hassanzadeh, A. (2023). A review on
floc-flotation of fine particles: Technological aspects,
mechanisms, and future perspectives. Mineral Processing
and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 1–28.
Aveyard, R., Binks, B., Fletcher, P., Peck, T., &
Rutherford, C. (1994). Aspects of aqueous foam sta-
bility in the presence of hydrocarbon oils and solid
particles. Advances in colloid and interface science, 48,
93–120.
Bateman, R., &Hagemann, S. (2004). Gold mineralisa-
tion throughout about 45Ma of Archaean orogenesis:
protracted flux of gold in the Golden Mile, Yilgarn cra-
ton, Western Australia. Mineralium Deposita, 39(5–6),
536–559. doi: 10.1007/s00126-004-0431-2.
Bleiwas, D. I. (2010). Byproduct mineral commodities used
for the production of photovoltaic cells. US Department
of the Interior, US Geological Survey Reston, VA.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (min)
Kerosene 50mg/L
Kerosene 25mg/L
Kerosene 12.5mg/L
H57 only
PAX 160g/t
PAX 80g/t
Figure 4. Calaverite recovery-time curves comparing effect of collector type on flotation
recovery, H57 frother dosage 20 mg/L
Recovery
(%)
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Extracted Text (may have errors)

XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 2385
1926b). The use of kerosene and other non polar oils war-
rant further investigation to enhance recovery of telluride
minerals.
CONCLUSIONS
The study has focussed on the hydrophobicity of calaverite
and hessite and how it impacts on flotation performance.
The following outcomes were found:
This study has confirmed the natural floatability of
hessite and calaverite.
Zeta potential results indicate further test work at
pH 4 is recommended to determine the optimum
pH range for hessite and calaverite flotation.
The use of PAX destabilised flotation froths at all
dosage levels for both hessite and calaverite. Froth
destabilisation is proposed to be due to high hydro-
phobicity of telluride particles.
The addition of kerosene improved the rate and
recovery of hessite and calaverite for microflotation
tests. The improvement in flotation performance is
due to hydrophobic agglomeration of particles.
The use of non polar oils to recover tellurides from
industrial ores and concentrates presents an option
to develop an alternative extraction process.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author gratefully acknowledges support from the
Australian Government Research Training Program,
Minerals Research Institute of Western Australia Scholarship
Program and the AusIMM Education Endowment Fund
Postgraduate Scholarship.
REFERENCES
Afifi, A. M., Kelly, W. C., &Essene, E. J. (1988). Phase
relations among tellurides, sulfides, and oxides Pt. II,
Applications to telluride-bearing ore deposits. Economic
Geology, 83(2), 395–404.
Allan, G. C., &Woodcock, J. T. (2001). A review of
the flotation of native gold and electrum. Minerals
Engineering, 14(9), 931–962. doi: 10.1016/
S0892-6875(01)00103-0.
Asgari, K., Khoshdast, H., Nakhaei, F., Garmsiri, M. R.,
Huang, Q., &Hassanzadeh, A. (2023). A review on
floc-flotation of fine particles: Technological aspects,
mechanisms, and future perspectives. Mineral Processing
and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 1–28.
Aveyard, R., Binks, B., Fletcher, P., Peck, T., &
Rutherford, C. (1994). Aspects of aqueous foam sta-
bility in the presence of hydrocarbon oils and solid
particles. Advances in colloid and interface science, 48,
93–120.
Bateman, R., &Hagemann, S. (2004). Gold mineralisa-
tion throughout about 45Ma of Archaean orogenesis:
protracted flux of gold in the Golden Mile, Yilgarn cra-
ton, Western Australia. Mineralium Deposita, 39(5–6),
536–559. doi: 10.1007/s00126-004-0431-2.
Bleiwas, D. I. (2010). Byproduct mineral commodities used
for the production of photovoltaic cells. US Department
of the Interior, US Geological Survey Reston, VA.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 2 4 6 8 10
Time (min)
Kerosene 50mg/L
Kerosene 25mg/L
Kerosene 12.5mg/L
H57 only
PAX 160g/t
PAX 80g/t
Figure 4. Calaverite recovery-time curves comparing effect of collector type on flotation
recovery, H57 frother dosage 20 mg/L
Recovery
(%)

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