XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 759
Increasing the column bed height extends the column
saturation time due to the larger amount of adsorbent
available.
Lowering the flow rate increases the column saturation
time by providing more contact time between the wastewa-
ter and the goethite adsorbent. This allows for more diffu-
sion and binding of As(V) to the active sites, leading to a
higher amount of the heavy metal adsorbed.
Lowering the initial concentration of As(V) increases
the column saturation time because there are fewer ions to
compete for the adsorption sites. This allows for treating a
larger volume of wastewater before reaching saturation.
Simulations show up to 90.45% removal for As(V)
achieved. Based on the resulting concentration of the col-
umn effluent, the column can effectively remove the heavy
metal species in wastewater. However, with a higher initial
concentration of 1 mg/L, an additional adsorption stage
may be needed to conform with DENR standards.
Figure 3. Breakthrough curves of single-component As(V) wastewater with varied initial
concentrations Column bed height =1 m, Flow rate =200 mL/min
Table 7. Saturation times for different initial As(V) concentrations for constant column bed
heights and flow rates
Column Bed
Height (m)
Flow Rate
(mL/min)
Initial Concentration
of As(V) Saturation Time
1 200 0.08 mg/L 7725 mins
(129 hrs)
Longer Saturation Time
1 mg/L 2880 mins
(48 hrs)
Shorter Saturation Time
0.5 1000 0.08 mg/L 1115 mins
(19 hrs)
Longer Saturation Time
1 mg/L 395 mins
(7 hrs)
Shorter Saturation Time

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Extracted Text (may have errors)

XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 759
Increasing the column bed height extends the column
saturation time due to the larger amount of adsorbent
available.
Lowering the flow rate increases the column saturation
time by providing more contact time between the wastewa-
ter and the goethite adsorbent. This allows for more diffu-
sion and binding of As(V) to the active sites, leading to a
higher amount of the heavy metal adsorbed.
Lowering the initial concentration of As(V) increases
the column saturation time because there are fewer ions to
compete for the adsorption sites. This allows for treating a
larger volume of wastewater before reaching saturation.
Simulations show up to 90.45% removal for As(V)
achieved. Based on the resulting concentration of the col-
umn effluent, the column can effectively remove the heavy
metal species in wastewater. However, with a higher initial
concentration of 1 mg/L, an additional adsorption stage
may be needed to conform with DENR standards.
Figure 3. Breakthrough curves of single-component As(V) wastewater with varied initial
concentrations Column bed height =1 m, Flow rate =200 mL/min
Table 7. Saturation times for different initial As(V) concentrations for constant column bed
heights and flow rates
Column Bed
Height (m)
Flow Rate
(mL/min)
Initial Concentration
of As(V) Saturation Time
1 200 0.08 mg/L 7725 mins
(129 hrs)
Longer Saturation Time
1 mg/L 2880 mins
(48 hrs)
Shorter Saturation Time
0.5 1000 0.08 mg/L 1115 mins
(19 hrs)
Longer Saturation Time
1 mg/L 395 mins
(7 hrs)
Shorter Saturation Time

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758 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
of 0.08 mg/L, as seen in Figure 4. In this figure, the solid
lines represent simulations with the same column bed
height and flow rate, but different initial concentrations.
For As(V) removal concerning higher concentrations, mul-
tiple adsorption stages may be needed to reduce the effluent
concentration to below DENR standards. To increase the
contact time of the adsorbate with the goethite, variation of
the bed height and flow rate may be further explored.
Although the final As(V) concentration in the 1 mg/L
wastewater exceeded the 0.08 mg/L limit, the wastewater
containing 1 mg/L of As(V) still had a high percent removal
ranging from 65.56% to 90.45%, Table 8 summarizes the
percent metal removal achieved and effluent concentration
and compares it to the DENR effluent standard.
CONCLUSIONS
This study investigated the effects of varying the column
bed height, flow rate, and initial species concentration on
the treatment of As(V)-containing mine wastewater using
a fixed-bed column of synthetic goethite. This involved
the use of COMSOL Multiphysics for the simulation of
the behavior of the fixed-bed adsorption column with an
emphasis on the removal of arsenic from single-component
wastewater. For the concentrations studied, the following
were observed:
Figure 2. Breakthrough curves of single-component As(V) wastewater with varied flow rates
Column bed height =1 m, Initial concentration =0.08 mg/L
Table 6. Saturation times for different flow rates for constant column bed heights and initial
As(V) concentrations
Column Bed
Height (m)
Initial Concentration
of As(V)
Flow Rate
(mL/min) Saturation Time
1 0.08 mg/L 200 7725 mins
(129 hrs)
Longer Saturation Time
1000 2085 mins
(35 hrs)
Shorter Saturation Time
0.5 1 mg/L 200 1510 mins
(25 hrs)
Longer Saturation Time
1000 395 mins
(7 hrs)
Shorter Saturation Time

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Extracted Text (may have errors)

758 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
of 0.08 mg/L, as seen in Figure 4. In this figure, the solid
lines represent simulations with the same column bed
height and flow rate, but different initial concentrations.
For As(V) removal concerning higher concentrations, mul-
tiple adsorption stages may be needed to reduce the effluent
concentration to below DENR standards. To increase the
contact time of the adsorbate with the goethite, variation of
the bed height and flow rate may be further explored.
Although the final As(V) concentration in the 1 mg/L
wastewater exceeded the 0.08 mg/L limit, the wastewater
containing 1 mg/L of As(V) still had a high percent removal
ranging from 65.56% to 90.45%, Table 8 summarizes the
percent metal removal achieved and effluent concentration
and compares it to the DENR effluent standard.
CONCLUSIONS
This study investigated the effects of varying the column
bed height, flow rate, and initial species concentration on
the treatment of As(V)-containing mine wastewater using
a fixed-bed column of synthetic goethite. This involved
the use of COMSOL Multiphysics for the simulation of
the behavior of the fixed-bed adsorption column with an
emphasis on the removal of arsenic from single-component
wastewater. For the concentrations studied, the following
were observed:
Figure 2. Breakthrough curves of single-component As(V) wastewater with varied flow rates
Column bed height =1 m, Initial concentration =0.08 mg/L
Table 6. Saturation times for different flow rates for constant column bed heights and initial
As(V) concentrations
Column Bed
Height (m)
Initial Concentration
of As(V)
Flow Rate
(mL/min) Saturation Time
1 0.08 mg/L 200 7725 mins
(129 hrs)
Longer Saturation Time
1000 2085 mins
(35 hrs)
Shorter Saturation Time
0.5 1 mg/L 200 1510 mins
(25 hrs)
Longer Saturation Time
1000 395 mins
(7 hrs)
Shorter Saturation Time

760 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
REFERENCES
Al-Mahbashi, Najib, S. R. M. Kutty, A. H. Jagaba, Ahmed
Al-Nini, Mujahid Ali, A. A. H. Saeed, A. A. S. Ghaleb,
and Upaka Rathnayake. 2022. “Column Study for
Adsorption of Copper and Cadmium Using Activated
Carbon Derived from Sewage Sludge.” Advances in
Civil Engineering 2022. doi: 10.1155/2022/3590462.
Cirio, John Martin R., Renee M. Daza, Candy C. Mercado,
and Franco Danilo L. Luistro. 2020. “Filtration
Column Design of a Fixed Bed Goethite-Rich Nickel
Laterite as Adsorbent of Hexavalent Chromium [Cr
(VI)] in Mine Wastewater Treatment Using COMSOL
Multiphysics.” University of the Philippines Diliman,
Quezon City.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources of
the Philippines. 2016. “DENR Administrative Order
(DAO) 2016–08, Water Quality Guidelines and
General Effluent Standards of 2016.”
Lakshmipathiraj, P., B. R. V. Narasimhan, S. Prabhakar, and
G. Bhaskar Raju. 2006. “Adsorption of Arsenate on
Synthetic Goethite from Aqueous Solutions.” Journal
of Hazardous Materials 136(2):281–87. doi: 10.1016
/j.jhazmat.2005.12.015.
Lehmann, M., A. I. Zouboulis, and K. A. Matis.
2001. “Modelling the Sorption of Metals from
Aqueous Solutions on Goethite Fixed-Beds.”
Environmental Pollution 113(2):121–28. doi: 10.1016
/S0269-7491(00)00174-3.
Figure 4. Concentration of the resulting effluent of As(V)-containing wastewater in comparison
to the DENR standard
Table 8. Percent metal removal, effluent concentration, and comparison to the DENR standard of
the resulting effluent of As(V)-containing wastewater
Initial
Concentration
(mg/L)
Column Bed
Height (m)
Flow Rate
(mL/min) %Removal
Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
Compliant
with DENR
Standard?
1 1 1000 87.76% 0.122 No
0.08 1 1000 28.87% 0.057 Yes
1 1 200 90.45% 0.095 No
0.08 1 200 36.82% 0.050 Yes
1 0.5 1000 65.56% 0.344 No
0.08 0.5 1000 1.00% 0.079 Yes
1 0.5 200 85.68% 0.143 No
0.08 0.5 200 33.31% 0.053 Yes

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Extracted Text (may have errors)

760 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
REFERENCES
Al-Mahbashi, Najib, S. R. M. Kutty, A. H. Jagaba, Ahmed
Al-Nini, Mujahid Ali, A. A. H. Saeed, A. A. S. Ghaleb,
and Upaka Rathnayake. 2022. “Column Study for
Adsorption of Copper and Cadmium Using Activated
Carbon Derived from Sewage Sludge.” Advances in
Civil Engineering 2022. doi: 10.1155/2022/3590462.
Cirio, John Martin R., Renee M. Daza, Candy C. Mercado,
and Franco Danilo L. Luistro. 2020. “Filtration
Column Design of a Fixed Bed Goethite-Rich Nickel
Laterite as Adsorbent of Hexavalent Chromium [Cr
(VI)] in Mine Wastewater Treatment Using COMSOL
Multiphysics.” University of the Philippines Diliman,
Quezon City.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources of
the Philippines. 2016. “DENR Administrative Order
(DAO) 2016–08, Water Quality Guidelines and
General Effluent Standards of 2016.”
Lakshmipathiraj, P., B. R. V. Narasimhan, S. Prabhakar, and
G. Bhaskar Raju. 2006. “Adsorption of Arsenate on
Synthetic Goethite from Aqueous Solutions.” Journal
of Hazardous Materials 136(2):281–87. doi: 10.1016
/j.jhazmat.2005.12.015.
Lehmann, M., A. I. Zouboulis, and K. A. Matis.
2001. “Modelling the Sorption of Metals from
Aqueous Solutions on Goethite Fixed-Beds.”
Environmental Pollution 113(2):121–28. doi: 10.1016
/S0269-7491(00)00174-3.
Figure 4. Concentration of the resulting effluent of As(V)-containing wastewater in comparison
to the DENR standard
Table 8. Percent metal removal, effluent concentration, and comparison to the DENR standard of
the resulting effluent of As(V)-containing wastewater
Initial
Concentration
(mg/L)
Column Bed
Height (m)
Flow Rate
(mL/min) %Removal
Effluent
Concentration
(mg/L)
Compliant
with DENR
Standard?
1 1 1000 87.76% 0.122 No
0.08 1 1000 28.87% 0.057 Yes
1 1 200 90.45% 0.095 No
0.08 1 200 36.82% 0.050 Yes
1 0.5 1000 65.56% 0.344 No
0.08 0.5 1000 1.00% 0.079 Yes
1 0.5 200 85.68% 0.143 No
0.08 0.5 200 33.31% 0.053 Yes