XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings Page 1907 (1931 of 3836)

1996 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
Islam, M.T., &Nguyen, A.V. (2021). Effect of particle size
and shape on liquid–solid fluidization in a HydroFloat
cell. Powder Technology, 379, 560–575.
Laskovski, D., Duncan, P., Stevenson, P., Zhou, J., &
Galvin, K. (2006). Segregation of hydraulically sus-
pended particles in inclined channels. Chemical
Engineering Science, 61(22), 7269–7278.
Launder, B.E., &Spalding, D.B. (1983). The numerical
computation of turbulent flows. In Numerical predic-
tion of flow, heat transfer, turbulence and combustion
(pp. 96–116). Elsevier.
Nakamura, H. (1937). La cause de l’acceleration de la
vitesse de sedimentation des suspensions dans les recip-
ients inclines. Keijo Journal of Medicine, 8, 256–296.
Nguyentranlam, G., &Galvin, K. (2001). Particle clas-
sification in the reflux classifier. Minerals Engineering,
14(9), 1081–1091.
Peng, J., Sun, W., Han, H., &Xie, L. (2021). CFD mod-
eling and simulation of the hydrodynamics charac-
teristics of coarse coal particles in a 3D liquid-solid
fluidized bed. Minerals, 11(6), 569.
Peng, J., Sun, W., Xie, L., Han, H., &Xiao, Y. (2022). An
experimental study of pressure drop characteristics and
flow resistance coefficient in a fluidized bed for coal
particle fluidization. Minerals, 12(3), 289.
Peng, Z., Galvin, K., &Doroodchi, E. (2019). Influence of
inclined plates on flow characteristics of a liquid-solid
fluidised bed: A CFD-DEM study. Powder Technology,
343, 170–184.
Rao, A., Curtis, J.S., Hancock, B.C., &Wassgren, C.
(2010). The effect of column diameter and bed height
on minimum fluidization velocity. AIChE journal,
56(9), 2304–2311.
Salem, A., Okoth, G., &Thöming, J. (2011). An approach
to improve the separation of solid–liquid suspensions
in inclined plate settlers: CFD simulation and experi-
mental validation. Water research, 45(11), 3541–3549.
Starrett, J., &Galvin, K. (2023). Application of inclined
channels in the hydrodynamic classification of miner-
als by particle size. Minerals Engineering, 195, 108002.
Sutherland, J., Vassilatos, G., Kubota, H., &Osberg, G.
(1963). The effect of packing on a fluidized bed. AIChE
journal, 9(4), 437–441.
Syed, N., Dickinson, J., Galvin, K., &Moreno-Atanasio,
R. (2018). Continuous, dynamic and steady state
simulation of the reflux classifier using a segregation-
dispersion model. Minerals Engineering, 115, 53–67.
Syed, N., Galvin, K., &Moreno-Atanasio, R. (2019).
Application of a 2D segregation-dispersion model to
describe binary and multi-component size classifica-
tion in a Reflux Classifier. Minerals Engineering, 133,
80–90.
Tang, C., Liu, M., &Li, Y. (2016). Experimental investiga-
tion of hydrodynamics of liquid–solid mini-fluidized
beds. Particuology, 27, 102–109.
Tarpagkou, R., &Pantokratoras, A. (2014). The influence
of lamellar settler in sedimentation tanks for potable
water treatment—A computational fluid dynamic
study. Powder Technology, 268, 139–149.
Tripathy, A., Bagchi, S., Biswal, S., &Meikap, B. (2017).
Study of particle hydrodynamics and misplacement
in liquid–solid fluidized bed separator. Chemical
Engineering Research and Design, 117, 520–532.
Zhou, L., Zhang, L., Bai, L., Shi, W., Li, W., Wang, C.,
&Agarwal, R. (2017). Experimental study and tran-
sient CFD/DEM simulation in a fluidized bed based
on different drag models. RSC Advances, 7(21),
12764–12774.

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Extracted Text (may have errors)

1996 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
Islam, M.T., &Nguyen, A.V. (2021). Effect of particle size
and shape on liquid–solid fluidization in a HydroFloat
cell. Powder Technology, 379, 560–575.
Laskovski, D., Duncan, P., Stevenson, P., Zhou, J., &
Galvin, K. (2006). Segregation of hydraulically sus-
pended particles in inclined channels. Chemical
Engineering Science, 61(22), 7269–7278.
Launder, B.E., &Spalding, D.B. (1983). The numerical
computation of turbulent flows. In Numerical predic-
tion of flow, heat transfer, turbulence and combustion
(pp. 96–116). Elsevier.
Nakamura, H. (1937). La cause de l’acceleration de la
vitesse de sedimentation des suspensions dans les recip-
ients inclines. Keijo Journal of Medicine, 8, 256–296.
Nguyentranlam, G., &Galvin, K. (2001). Particle clas-
sification in the reflux classifier. Minerals Engineering,
14(9), 1081–1091.
Peng, J., Sun, W., Han, H., &Xie, L. (2021). CFD mod-
eling and simulation of the hydrodynamics charac-
teristics of coarse coal particles in a 3D liquid-solid
fluidized bed. Minerals, 11(6), 569.
Peng, J., Sun, W., Xie, L., Han, H., &Xiao, Y. (2022). An
experimental study of pressure drop characteristics and
flow resistance coefficient in a fluidized bed for coal
particle fluidization. Minerals, 12(3), 289.
Peng, Z., Galvin, K., &Doroodchi, E. (2019). Influence of
inclined plates on flow characteristics of a liquid-solid
fluidised bed: A CFD-DEM study. Powder Technology,
343, 170–184.
Rao, A., Curtis, J.S., Hancock, B.C., &Wassgren, C.
(2010). The effect of column diameter and bed height
on minimum fluidization velocity. AIChE journal,
56(9), 2304–2311.
Salem, A., Okoth, G., &Thöming, J. (2011). An approach
to improve the separation of solid–liquid suspensions
in inclined plate settlers: CFD simulation and experi-
mental validation. Water research, 45(11), 3541–3549.
Starrett, J., &Galvin, K. (2023). Application of inclined
channels in the hydrodynamic classification of miner-
als by particle size. Minerals Engineering, 195, 108002.
Sutherland, J., Vassilatos, G., Kubota, H., &Osberg, G.
(1963). The effect of packing on a fluidized bed. AIChE
journal, 9(4), 437–441.
Syed, N., Dickinson, J., Galvin, K., &Moreno-Atanasio,
R. (2018). Continuous, dynamic and steady state
simulation of the reflux classifier using a segregation-
dispersion model. Minerals Engineering, 115, 53–67.
Syed, N., Galvin, K., &Moreno-Atanasio, R. (2019).
Application of a 2D segregation-dispersion model to
describe binary and multi-component size classifica-
tion in a Reflux Classifier. Minerals Engineering, 133,
80–90.
Tang, C., Liu, M., &Li, Y. (2016). Experimental investiga-
tion of hydrodynamics of liquid–solid mini-fluidized
beds. Particuology, 27, 102–109.
Tarpagkou, R., &Pantokratoras, A. (2014). The influence
of lamellar settler in sedimentation tanks for potable
water treatment—A computational fluid dynamic
study. Powder Technology, 268, 139–149.
Tripathy, A., Bagchi, S., Biswal, S., &Meikap, B. (2017).
Study of particle hydrodynamics and misplacement
in liquid–solid fluidized bed separator. Chemical
Engineering Research and Design, 117, 520–532.
Zhou, L., Zhang, L., Bai, L., Shi, W., Li, W., Wang, C.,
&Agarwal, R. (2017). Experimental study and tran-
sient CFD/DEM simulation in a fluidized bed based
on different drag models. RSC Advances, 7(21),
12764–12774.

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2014
Physical Separations
Gravity, DMS, Chemical

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Extracted Text (may have errors)

XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1995
CONCLUSION
A three-dimensional Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase CFD
model is utilized to investigate the hydrodynamics in a
Reflux Classifier. CFD simulations encompass two-phase
flow involving fluids and mono-sized solid particles under
batch and continuous flow conditions. Time-averaged bed
heights and differential pressures predicted in batch mode
align well with experimental measurements. The continu-
ous flow simulations yield a partition curve that reason-
ably matches experiments although some discrepancy is
observed for one of the simulated particle sizes. Ongoing
research aims to enhance the CFD model by incorporat-
ing multi-sized particles to explore this discrepancy further.
Despite this, the study validates the CFD model’s ability to
predict classification efficiency in a Reflux Classifier, offer-
ing insights into the physical mechanisms governing its
performance. It also provides the opportunity for the CFD
model to aid in the refinement of the design of this mineral
separation equipment, which will be an objective of future
studies.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors acknowledge the funding support from
the Australian Research Council for the ARC Centre of
Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of
Minerals, grant number CE200100009.
This work was supported by resources provided by The
University of Queensland Research Computing Centre’s
Bunya supercomputer (https://dx.doi.org/10.48610/wf6c-
qy55), with funding from The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Australia.
REFERENCE
Amariei, D., Michaud, D., Paquet, G., &Lindsay, M.
(2014). The use of a reflux classifier for iron ores: assess-
ment of fine particles recovery at pilot scale. Minerals
Engineering, 62, 66–73.
Anderson, T.B., &Jackson, R. (1967). Fluid mechanical
description of fluidized beds. Equations of motion.
Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 6(4),
527–539.
Bouillard, J., Lyczkowski, R., &Gidaspow, D. (1989).
Porosity distributions in a fluidized bed with an
immersed obstacle. AIChE journal, 35(6), 908–922.
Boycott, A. (1920). Sedimentation of blood corpuscles.
Nature, 104(2621), 532–532.
Diba, M.F., Karim, M.R., &Naser, J. (2020a). Fluidized
bed CFD using simplified solid-phase coupling. Powder
Technology, 375, 161–173.
Diba, M.F., Karim, M.R., &Naser, J. (2020b). Numerical
modelling of a bubbling fluidized bed combustion: A
simplified approach. Fuel, 277, 118170.
Diba, M.F., Karim, M.R., &Naser, J. (2022). CFD mod-
elling of coal gasification in a fluidized bed with the
effects of calcination under different operating condi-
tions. Energy, 239, 122284.
Doroodchi, E., Galvin, K., &Fletcher, D. (2005). The
influence of inclined plates on expansion behaviour
of solid suspensions in a liquid fluidised bed—a com-
putational fluid dynamics study. Powder Technology,
160(1), 20–26.
Doroodchi, E., Zhou, J., Fletcher, D., &Galvin, K. (2006).
Particle size classification in a fluidized bed containing
parallel inclined plates. Minerals Engineering, 19(2),
162–171.
Ergun, S., &Orning, A.A. (1949). Fluid flow through ran-
domly packed columns and fluidized beds. Industrial
&Engineering Chemistry, 41(6), 1179–1184.
Galvin, K. (2003). On the phenomena of hindered settling
in liquid fluidized beds. In Advances in gravity concen-
tration (pp. 19–38). SME.
Galvin, K., Callen, A., Zhou, J., &Doroodchi, E. (2005).
Performance of the reflux classifier for gravity separa-
tion at full scale. Minerals Engineering, 18(1), 19–24.
Galvin, K., Iveson, S., Zhou, J., &Lowes, C. (2020a).
Influence of inclined channel spacing on dense mineral
partition in a REFLUX ™ Classifier. Part 1: Continuous
steady state. Minerals Engineering, 146, 106112.
Galvin, K., Iveson, S., Zhou, J., &Lowes, C. (2020b).
Influence of inclined channel spacing on dense mineral
partition in a REFLUX ™ classifier. Part 2: Water based
fractionation. Minerals Engineering, 155, 106442.
Galvin, K., &Nguyentranlam, G. (2002). Influence of par-
allel inclined plates in a liquid fluidized bed system.
Chemical Engineering Science, 57(7), 1231–1234.
Galvin, K., Walton, K., &Zhou, J. (2009). How to elu-
triate particles according to their density. Chemical
Engineering Science, 64(9), 2003–2010.
Gidaspow, D. (1994). Multiphase flow and fluidization: con-
tinuum and kinetic theory descriptions. Academic press.
Gidaspow, D., Seo, Y.C., &Ettehadieh, B. (1983).
Hydrodynamics of fluidization—experimental and
theoritical bubble sizes in a two-dimensional bed with
a jet [Article]. Chemical Engineering Communications,
22(5–6), 253–272.
He, S., Li, Y., Liu, T., Chen, P., Zhao, Y., &Yin, M.
(2020). A novel model for critical motion of particles
in inclined channels of liquid-solid separation fluidized
bed. Powder Technology, 369, 289–297.

Previous Page Next Page

Extracted Text (may have errors)

XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1995
CONCLUSION
A three-dimensional Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase CFD
model is utilized to investigate the hydrodynamics in a
Reflux Classifier. CFD simulations encompass two-phase
flow involving fluids and mono-sized solid particles under
batch and continuous flow conditions. Time-averaged bed
heights and differential pressures predicted in batch mode
align well with experimental measurements. The continu-
ous flow simulations yield a partition curve that reason-
ably matches experiments although some discrepancy is
observed for one of the simulated particle sizes. Ongoing
research aims to enhance the CFD model by incorporat-
ing multi-sized particles to explore this discrepancy further.
Despite this, the study validates the CFD model’s ability to
predict classification efficiency in a Reflux Classifier, offer-
ing insights into the physical mechanisms governing its
performance. It also provides the opportunity for the CFD
model to aid in the refinement of the design of this mineral
separation equipment, which will be an objective of future
studies.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors acknowledge the funding support from
the Australian Research Council for the ARC Centre of
Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of
Minerals, grant number CE200100009.
This work was supported by resources provided by The
University of Queensland Research Computing Centre’s
Bunya supercomputer (https://dx.doi.org/10.48610/wf6c-
qy55), with funding from The University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Australia.
REFERENCE
Amariei, D., Michaud, D., Paquet, G., &Lindsay, M.
(2014). The use of a reflux classifier for iron ores: assess-
ment of fine particles recovery at pilot scale. Minerals
Engineering, 62, 66–73.
Anderson, T.B., &Jackson, R. (1967). Fluid mechanical
description of fluidized beds. Equations of motion.
Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 6(4),
527–539.
Bouillard, J., Lyczkowski, R., &Gidaspow, D. (1989).
Porosity distributions in a fluidized bed with an
immersed obstacle. AIChE journal, 35(6), 908–922.
Boycott, A. (1920). Sedimentation of blood corpuscles.
Nature, 104(2621), 532–532.
Diba, M.F., Karim, M.R., &Naser, J. (2020a). Fluidized
bed CFD using simplified solid-phase coupling. Powder
Technology, 375, 161–173.
Diba, M.F., Karim, M.R., &Naser, J. (2020b). Numerical
modelling of a bubbling fluidized bed combustion: A
simplified approach. Fuel, 277, 118170.
Diba, M.F., Karim, M.R., &Naser, J. (2022). CFD mod-
elling of coal gasification in a fluidized bed with the
effects of calcination under different operating condi-
tions. Energy, 239, 122284.
Doroodchi, E., Galvin, K., &Fletcher, D. (2005). The
influence of inclined plates on expansion behaviour
of solid suspensions in a liquid fluidised bed—a com-
putational fluid dynamics study. Powder Technology,
160(1), 20–26.
Doroodchi, E., Zhou, J., Fletcher, D., &Galvin, K. (2006).
Particle size classification in a fluidized bed containing
parallel inclined plates. Minerals Engineering, 19(2),
162–171.
Ergun, S., &Orning, A.A. (1949). Fluid flow through ran-
domly packed columns and fluidized beds. Industrial
&Engineering Chemistry, 41(6), 1179–1184.
Galvin, K. (2003). On the phenomena of hindered settling
in liquid fluidized beds. In Advances in gravity concen-
tration (pp. 19–38). SME.
Galvin, K., Callen, A., Zhou, J., &Doroodchi, E. (2005).
Performance of the reflux classifier for gravity separa-
tion at full scale. Minerals Engineering, 18(1), 19–24.
Galvin, K., Iveson, S., Zhou, J., &Lowes, C. (2020a).
Influence of inclined channel spacing on dense mineral
partition in a REFLUX ™ Classifier. Part 1: Continuous
steady state. Minerals Engineering, 146, 106112.
Galvin, K., Iveson, S., Zhou, J., &Lowes, C. (2020b).
Influence of inclined channel spacing on dense mineral
partition in a REFLUX ™ classifier. Part 2: Water based
fractionation. Minerals Engineering, 155, 106442.
Galvin, K., &Nguyentranlam, G. (2002). Influence of par-
allel inclined plates in a liquid fluidized bed system.
Chemical Engineering Science, 57(7), 1231–1234.
Galvin, K., Walton, K., &Zhou, J. (2009). How to elu-
triate particles according to their density. Chemical
Engineering Science, 64(9), 2003–2010.
Gidaspow, D. (1994). Multiphase flow and fluidization: con-
tinuum and kinetic theory descriptions. Academic press.
Gidaspow, D., Seo, Y.C., &Ettehadieh, B. (1983).
Hydrodynamics of fluidization—experimental and
theoritical bubble sizes in a two-dimensional bed with
a jet [Article]. Chemical Engineering Communications,
22(5–6), 253–272.
He, S., Li, Y., Liu, T., Chen, P., Zhao, Y., &Yin, M.
(2020). A novel model for critical motion of particles
in inclined channels of liquid-solid separation fluidized
bed. Powder Technology, 369, 289–297.

Page 1Plenary Program click to expand contents

Page 22Keynote Presentations click to expand contents

Page 163Innovation and R&D click to expand contents

Page 445Dry Processing click to expand contents

Page 562Water Management click to expand contents

Page 756Human Capital click to expand contents

Page 808Process Control, Modeling, and Simulation click to expand contents

Page 1126Strategic Minerals click to expand contents

Page 1325Geometallurgy and Process Mineralogy click to expand contents

Page 1535Extractive Metallurgy click to expand contents

Page 1842Physical Separations click to expand contents

Page 2016Flotation click to expand contents

Page 3021Energy Minerals click to expand contents

Page iTailings click to expand contents

Page 3420Plant Design click to expand contents

Page 3526Comminution click to expand contents

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