14
Thesis. Department of Mining Engineering, Queen’s
University, Kingston, ON.
[42] Halim, Adrian (2016), “Ventilation requirements
for diesel equipment in underground mines -Are
we using the correct values?,” In: Brune J.F. (Ed):
Proceedings of the 16th North American Mine
Ventilation Symposium. Colorado School of Mines.
Golden, CO.
[43] Allen, Cheryl and Jozef Stachulak (2019),
“Mobile equipment power source-Impact on ven-
tilation design,” In: Chang, X. (ed.) Proceedings
of the 11th International Mine Ventilation
Congress. Springer, Singapore. https://doi
.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1420-9_1.
[44] Saeidi N. and C. Allen (2022), “A discussion on
underground mine ventilation design considerations
for diesel vs. battery electric mobile equipment.”
CIM Journal, 14(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1080
/19236026.2022.2096398.
[45] EU (1998), “Directive 97/68/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997
on the approximation of the laws of the Member
States relating to measures against the emission of
gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal com-
bustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile
machinery.” Official Journal of the European Union.
[46] EU (2004), “Directive 2004/ 26/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004
amending Directive 97/68/EC on the approximation
of the laws of the Member States relating to measures
against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollut-
ants from internal combustion engines to be installed
in non-road mobile machinery.”
[47] EU (2016), “EU 2016/1628: Regulation (EU)
2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 14 September 2016 on requirements
relating to gaseous and particulate pollutant emis-
sion limits and type-approval for internal combustion
engines for non-road mobile machinery, amending
Regulations (EU) No. 1024/2012 and (EU) No.
167/2013, and amending and repealing Directive
97/68/EC.” Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli
/reg/2016/1628/oj. (Accessed July 2024).
[48] 61 Fed. Reg. 55411 (1996), “30 CFR Part 7: Approval,
exhaust as monitoring, and safety requirements for
the use of diesel-powered equipment in underground
coal mines final rule.” Code of Federal Regulations.
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office,
Office of the Federal Register.
[49] 71 Fed. Reg. 28924 (2006), “Mine Safety and Health
Administration: 30 CFR 57. Diesel particulate mat-
ter exposure of underground metal and nonmetal
miners. Limit on concentration of diesel particulate
matter,” Code of Federal Regulations. Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Office of the
Federal Register.
[50] GMG (2022), “Recommended practices for battery
electric vehicles in underground mining,” Version
3. Global Mining Guidelines Group (GMG), The
Electric Mine Working Group. https://gmggroup.org
/recommended-practices-for-battery-electric
-vehicles-in-underground-mining-version‑3/
(Accessed in September 2024).
[51] Lähde, Tero, Topi Rönkkö, Matti Happonen, Christer
Söderström, Annele Virtanen, Anu Solla, Matti Kytö,
Dieter Rothe, and Jorma Keskinen (2011), “Effect of
fuel injection pressure on a heavy-duty diesel engine
nonvolatile particle emission,” Environ. Sci. Technol.
45:2504–2509. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103431p.
[52] Nousiainen, Pekka, Seppo Niemi, Topi Rönkkö, Panu
Karjalainen, Jorma Keskinen, Heino Kuuluvainen,
Liisa Pirjola, and Henna Saveljeff (2013), “Effect of
injection parameters on exhaust gaseous and nucle-
ation mode particle emissions of a Tier 4i nonroad
diesel engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2575.
https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2575.
[53] Lucachick, Glenn, Arron Avenido, Winthrop Watts,
David Kittelson, and William Nortrop (2014),
“Efficacy of in-cylinder control of particulate emis-
sions to meet current and future regulatory stan-
dards,” SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1597. https://
doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1597.
[54] Bugarski, Aleksandar D., George H. Schnakenberg
Jr., Jon A. Hummer, Emanuele Cauda, Samual J.
Janisko, and Larry D. Patts (2009), “Effects of diesel
exhaust aftertreatment devices on concentrations and
size distribution of aerosols in underground mine air,”
Environmental Science and Technology 43: 6737–
6743. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9006355.
[55] Bugarski, Aleksandar D., Jon A. Hummer, Jozef
S. Stachulak, Arthur Miller, Larry D. Patts, and
Emanuele G. Cauda (2016), “Emissions from a die-
sel engine using Fe-based fuel additives and sintered
metal filtration system,” Annals of Occupational
Hygiene 60(2):52–62. https://doi.org/10.1093
/annhyg/mev071.
[56] Dallmann, Tim, and Aparna Menon (2016),
“Technology pathways for diesel engines used in
non-road vehicle and equipment. The International
Thesis. Department of Mining Engineering, Queen’s
University, Kingston, ON.
[42] Halim, Adrian (2016), “Ventilation requirements
for diesel equipment in underground mines -Are
we using the correct values?,” In: Brune J.F. (Ed):
Proceedings of the 16th North American Mine
Ventilation Symposium. Colorado School of Mines.
Golden, CO.
[43] Allen, Cheryl and Jozef Stachulak (2019),
“Mobile equipment power source-Impact on ven-
tilation design,” In: Chang, X. (ed.) Proceedings
of the 11th International Mine Ventilation
Congress. Springer, Singapore. https://doi
.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1420-9_1.
[44] Saeidi N. and C. Allen (2022), “A discussion on
underground mine ventilation design considerations
for diesel vs. battery electric mobile equipment.”
CIM Journal, 14(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1080
/19236026.2022.2096398.
[45] EU (1998), “Directive 97/68/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997
on the approximation of the laws of the Member
States relating to measures against the emission of
gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal com-
bustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile
machinery.” Official Journal of the European Union.
[46] EU (2004), “Directive 2004/ 26/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004
amending Directive 97/68/EC on the approximation
of the laws of the Member States relating to measures
against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollut-
ants from internal combustion engines to be installed
in non-road mobile machinery.”
[47] EU (2016), “EU 2016/1628: Regulation (EU)
2016/1628 of the European Parliament and of the
Council of 14 September 2016 on requirements
relating to gaseous and particulate pollutant emis-
sion limits and type-approval for internal combustion
engines for non-road mobile machinery, amending
Regulations (EU) No. 1024/2012 and (EU) No.
167/2013, and amending and repealing Directive
97/68/EC.” Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli
/reg/2016/1628/oj. (Accessed July 2024).
[48] 61 Fed. Reg. 55411 (1996), “30 CFR Part 7: Approval,
exhaust as monitoring, and safety requirements for
the use of diesel-powered equipment in underground
coal mines final rule.” Code of Federal Regulations.
Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office,
Office of the Federal Register.
[49] 71 Fed. Reg. 28924 (2006), “Mine Safety and Health
Administration: 30 CFR 57. Diesel particulate mat-
ter exposure of underground metal and nonmetal
miners. Limit on concentration of diesel particulate
matter,” Code of Federal Regulations. Washington,
DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Office of the
Federal Register.
[50] GMG (2022), “Recommended practices for battery
electric vehicles in underground mining,” Version
3. Global Mining Guidelines Group (GMG), The
Electric Mine Working Group. https://gmggroup.org
/recommended-practices-for-battery-electric
-vehicles-in-underground-mining-version‑3/
(Accessed in September 2024).
[51] Lähde, Tero, Topi Rönkkö, Matti Happonen, Christer
Söderström, Annele Virtanen, Anu Solla, Matti Kytö,
Dieter Rothe, and Jorma Keskinen (2011), “Effect of
fuel injection pressure on a heavy-duty diesel engine
nonvolatile particle emission,” Environ. Sci. Technol.
45:2504–2509. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103431p.
[52] Nousiainen, Pekka, Seppo Niemi, Topi Rönkkö, Panu
Karjalainen, Jorma Keskinen, Heino Kuuluvainen,
Liisa Pirjola, and Henna Saveljeff (2013), “Effect of
injection parameters on exhaust gaseous and nucle-
ation mode particle emissions of a Tier 4i nonroad
diesel engine,” SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-2575.
https://doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2575.
[53] Lucachick, Glenn, Arron Avenido, Winthrop Watts,
David Kittelson, and William Nortrop (2014),
“Efficacy of in-cylinder control of particulate emis-
sions to meet current and future regulatory stan-
dards,” SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-1597. https://
doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1597.
[54] Bugarski, Aleksandar D., George H. Schnakenberg
Jr., Jon A. Hummer, Emanuele Cauda, Samual J.
Janisko, and Larry D. Patts (2009), “Effects of diesel
exhaust aftertreatment devices on concentrations and
size distribution of aerosols in underground mine air,”
Environmental Science and Technology 43: 6737–
6743. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9006355.
[55] Bugarski, Aleksandar D., Jon A. Hummer, Jozef
S. Stachulak, Arthur Miller, Larry D. Patts, and
Emanuele G. Cauda (2016), “Emissions from a die-
sel engine using Fe-based fuel additives and sintered
metal filtration system,” Annals of Occupational
Hygiene 60(2):52–62. https://doi.org/10.1093
/annhyg/mev071.
[56] Dallmann, Tim, and Aparna Menon (2016),
“Technology pathways for diesel engines used in
non-road vehicle and equipment. The International