3506 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
a moderate interaction with the carbonation process, pos-
sibly facilitating a more effective ion exchange or slightly
altering the reaction kinetics. However, potassium chloride
(KCl), ammonium sulfate (NH4SO4), and sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4) demonstrated major improvements. KCl shows
a remarkable increase to 68.34%, while NH4SO4 and
Na2SO4 reach efficiencies of 72.44% and 80.23%, respec-
tively. These substantial enhancements could be attributed
to several factors, such as changes in mineral solubility,
or the interaction behavior of products formed after the
reaction. Sodium chloride (NaCl) exhibits an intermedi-
ate effect, with an efficiency of 48.73%. This suggests that
while NaCl enhanced the carbonation efficiency, its impact
is less pronounced compared to KCl. The reason behind
this could be the less reactive sodium ions compared to
potassium ions. A balance of the type and concentration
of electrolytes used, is crucial to enhancing the carbonation
process, thereby increasing the amount of CO2 that can be
stored.
Figure 6. SEM images of carbonation products at the condition of 1M Na2SO4, 1M NaHCO3,
reacting for 1 hour, PCO2 at 50 bar, 10% solid concentration, 185°C
Figure 7. Effect of various electrolyte additives on the
carbonation efficiency of olivine minerals
a moderate interaction with the carbonation process, pos-
sibly facilitating a more effective ion exchange or slightly
altering the reaction kinetics. However, potassium chloride
(KCl), ammonium sulfate (NH4SO4), and sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4) demonstrated major improvements. KCl shows
a remarkable increase to 68.34%, while NH4SO4 and
Na2SO4 reach efficiencies of 72.44% and 80.23%, respec-
tively. These substantial enhancements could be attributed
to several factors, such as changes in mineral solubility,
or the interaction behavior of products formed after the
reaction. Sodium chloride (NaCl) exhibits an intermedi-
ate effect, with an efficiency of 48.73%. This suggests that
while NaCl enhanced the carbonation efficiency, its impact
is less pronounced compared to KCl. The reason behind
this could be the less reactive sodium ions compared to
potassium ions. A balance of the type and concentration
of electrolytes used, is crucial to enhancing the carbonation
process, thereby increasing the amount of CO2 that can be
stored.
Figure 6. SEM images of carbonation products at the condition of 1M Na2SO4, 1M NaHCO3,
reacting for 1 hour, PCO2 at 50 bar, 10% solid concentration, 185°C
Figure 7. Effect of various electrolyte additives on the
carbonation efficiency of olivine minerals