XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 3417
Faraji, F., Alizadeh, A., Rashchi, F. and Mostoufi, N. 2022.
Kinetics of leaching: A review. Reviews in Chemical
Engineering 38(2): 113−148.
Fertani-Gmati, M. and Jemal, M. 2016. Thermochemical
and kinetic investigations of amorphous silica dissolu-
tion in NaOH solutions. Journal of Thermal Analysis
and Calorimetry 123: 757−765.
Free, M.L. 2013. Hydrometallurgy: Fundamentals and
Applications. New Jersey: John Wiley &Sons.
Golmohammadzadeh, R., Rashchi, F. and Vahidi, E. 2017.
Recovery of lithium and cobalt from spent lithium-ion
batteries using organic acids: Process optimization and
kinetic aspects. Waste Management 64: 244−254.
Greim, P., Solomon, A.A. and Breyer, C. 2020. Assessment
of lithium criticality in the global energy transition
and addressing policy gaps in transportation. Nature
Communications 11(1): 4570.
Grosjean, C., Miranda, P.H., Perrin, M. and Poggi, P.
2012. Assessment of world lithium resources and
consequences of their geographic distribution on the
expected development of the electric vehicle indus-
try. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(3):
1735−1744.
Han, S., Sagzhanov, D., Pan, J., Vaziri Hassas, B., Rezaee,
M., Akbari, H. and Mensah-Biney, R. 2022. Direct
Extraction of Lithium from α-Spodumene by Salt
Roasting–Leaching Process. ACS Sustainable Chemistry
&Engineering 10(40): 13495–13504.
Hassas, B.V., Shekarian, Y. and Rezaee, M. 2023. Selective
precipitation of rare earth and critical elements from
acid mine drainage-Part I: Kinetics and thermody-
namics of staged precipitation process. Resources,
Conservation and Recycling 188: 106654.
Langmuir, D. 1997. Aqueous environmental geochemistry.
New Jersey: Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River.
Levenspiel, O., eds. 1999. -Chemical Reaction Engineering.
New Jersey: John Wiley &Sons.
Li, L., Ge, J., Chen, R., Wu, F., Chen, S. and Zhang, X.,
2010. Environmental friendly leaching reagent for
cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion
batteries. Waste Management 30(12): 2615−2621.
Li, X.B., Wang, H.Y., Zhou, Q.S., Qi, T.G., Liu, G.H.,
Peng, Z.H. and Wang, Y.L. 2019. Efficient separation
of alumina and silica in reduction-roasted kaolin by
alkali leaching. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society
of China 29(2): 416−423.
Makanyire, T., Jha, A. and Sutcliffe, S. 2016. Kinetics of
hydrochloric acid leaching of niobium from TiO2 resi-
dues. International Journal of Mineral Processing 157:
1−6.
Meshram, P., Pandey, B.D. and Mankhand, T.R. 2014.
Extraction of lithium from primary and secondary
sources by pre-treatment, leaching and separation: A
comprehensive review. Hydrometallurgy 150: 192−208.
Ncube, T., Oskierski, H.C., Senanayake, G., Bertau, M.,
Skut, J., Canales, J. and Dlugogorski, B.Z. 2022.
Sustainable treatment of spodumene: extraction of
lithium from spodumene through roasting with potas-
sium sulfate. Available at SSRN 4155153.
Peltosaari, O., Tanskanen, P., Heikkinen, E.P. and Fabritius,
T., 2015. α→ γ→ β-phase transformation of spodu-
mene with hybrid microwave and conventional fur-
naces. Minerals Engineering 82: 54−60.
Qiu, S., Liu, C. and Yu, J., 2022. Conversion from
α-spodumene to intermediate product Li2SiO3 by
hydrothermal alkaline treatment in the lithium extrac-
tion process. Minerals Engineering 183: 107599.
Quezada, G.R. and Toledo, P.G. 2019. Structure of the
interface between lithium-rich spodumene and salt-
water by density functional theory calculations and
molecular dynamics simulations. The Journal of Physical
Chemistry C 124(2): 1446−1457.
Rezaee, M., Han, S., Sagzhanov, D., Hassas, B.V., Slawecki,
T.M., Agrawal, D., Akbari, H. and Mensah-Biney, R.
2022. Microwave-assisted calcination of spodumene
for efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly
extraction of lithium. Powder Technology 397: 116992.
Rezaee, M., Hassas, B.V., Akbari, H., Agrawal, D. and
Slawecki, T. 2023. U.S. Patent Application No.
17/801,059.
Rezaee, M. and Subasinghe, H.C.S. 2024. U.S. Patent
Application Disclosure No. 2024–5737.
Salakjani, N.K., Singh, P. and Nikoloski, A.N. 2020.
Production of lithium–A literature review part 1:
Pretreatment of spodumene. Mineral Processing and
Extractive Metallurgy Review 41(5): 335−348.
Salakjani, N.K., Singh, P. and Nikoloski, A.N. 2021.
Production of lithium–A literature review. Part 2.
Extraction from spodumene. Mineral Processing and
Extractive Metallurgy Review 42(4): 268−283.
Setiawan, H., Petrus, H.T.B.M. and Perdana, I. 2019.
Reaction kinetics modeling for lithium and cobalt
recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries using acetic
acid. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy,
and Materials 26: 98−107.
Song, Y., Zhao, T., He, L., Zhao, Z. and Liu, X., 2019.
A promising approach for directly extracting lithium
from α-spodumene by alkaline digestion and precipita-
tion as phosphate. Hydrometallurgy 189: 105141.
Faraji, F., Alizadeh, A., Rashchi, F. and Mostoufi, N. 2022.
Kinetics of leaching: A review. Reviews in Chemical
Engineering 38(2): 113−148.
Fertani-Gmati, M. and Jemal, M. 2016. Thermochemical
and kinetic investigations of amorphous silica dissolu-
tion in NaOH solutions. Journal of Thermal Analysis
and Calorimetry 123: 757−765.
Free, M.L. 2013. Hydrometallurgy: Fundamentals and
Applications. New Jersey: John Wiley &Sons.
Golmohammadzadeh, R., Rashchi, F. and Vahidi, E. 2017.
Recovery of lithium and cobalt from spent lithium-ion
batteries using organic acids: Process optimization and
kinetic aspects. Waste Management 64: 244−254.
Greim, P., Solomon, A.A. and Breyer, C. 2020. Assessment
of lithium criticality in the global energy transition
and addressing policy gaps in transportation. Nature
Communications 11(1): 4570.
Grosjean, C., Miranda, P.H., Perrin, M. and Poggi, P.
2012. Assessment of world lithium resources and
consequences of their geographic distribution on the
expected development of the electric vehicle indus-
try. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(3):
1735−1744.
Han, S., Sagzhanov, D., Pan, J., Vaziri Hassas, B., Rezaee,
M., Akbari, H. and Mensah-Biney, R. 2022. Direct
Extraction of Lithium from α-Spodumene by Salt
Roasting–Leaching Process. ACS Sustainable Chemistry
&Engineering 10(40): 13495–13504.
Hassas, B.V., Shekarian, Y. and Rezaee, M. 2023. Selective
precipitation of rare earth and critical elements from
acid mine drainage-Part I: Kinetics and thermody-
namics of staged precipitation process. Resources,
Conservation and Recycling 188: 106654.
Langmuir, D. 1997. Aqueous environmental geochemistry.
New Jersey: Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River.
Levenspiel, O., eds. 1999. -Chemical Reaction Engineering.
New Jersey: John Wiley &Sons.
Li, L., Ge, J., Chen, R., Wu, F., Chen, S. and Zhang, X.,
2010. Environmental friendly leaching reagent for
cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion
batteries. Waste Management 30(12): 2615−2621.
Li, X.B., Wang, H.Y., Zhou, Q.S., Qi, T.G., Liu, G.H.,
Peng, Z.H. and Wang, Y.L. 2019. Efficient separation
of alumina and silica in reduction-roasted kaolin by
alkali leaching. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society
of China 29(2): 416−423.
Makanyire, T., Jha, A. and Sutcliffe, S. 2016. Kinetics of
hydrochloric acid leaching of niobium from TiO2 resi-
dues. International Journal of Mineral Processing 157:
1−6.
Meshram, P., Pandey, B.D. and Mankhand, T.R. 2014.
Extraction of lithium from primary and secondary
sources by pre-treatment, leaching and separation: A
comprehensive review. Hydrometallurgy 150: 192−208.
Ncube, T., Oskierski, H.C., Senanayake, G., Bertau, M.,
Skut, J., Canales, J. and Dlugogorski, B.Z. 2022.
Sustainable treatment of spodumene: extraction of
lithium from spodumene through roasting with potas-
sium sulfate. Available at SSRN 4155153.
Peltosaari, O., Tanskanen, P., Heikkinen, E.P. and Fabritius,
T., 2015. α→ γ→ β-phase transformation of spodu-
mene with hybrid microwave and conventional fur-
naces. Minerals Engineering 82: 54−60.
Qiu, S., Liu, C. and Yu, J., 2022. Conversion from
α-spodumene to intermediate product Li2SiO3 by
hydrothermal alkaline treatment in the lithium extrac-
tion process. Minerals Engineering 183: 107599.
Quezada, G.R. and Toledo, P.G. 2019. Structure of the
interface between lithium-rich spodumene and salt-
water by density functional theory calculations and
molecular dynamics simulations. The Journal of Physical
Chemistry C 124(2): 1446−1457.
Rezaee, M., Han, S., Sagzhanov, D., Hassas, B.V., Slawecki,
T.M., Agrawal, D., Akbari, H. and Mensah-Biney, R.
2022. Microwave-assisted calcination of spodumene
for efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly
extraction of lithium. Powder Technology 397: 116992.
Rezaee, M., Hassas, B.V., Akbari, H., Agrawal, D. and
Slawecki, T. 2023. U.S. Patent Application No.
17/801,059.
Rezaee, M. and Subasinghe, H.C.S. 2024. U.S. Patent
Application Disclosure No. 2024–5737.
Salakjani, N.K., Singh, P. and Nikoloski, A.N. 2020.
Production of lithium–A literature review part 1:
Pretreatment of spodumene. Mineral Processing and
Extractive Metallurgy Review 41(5): 335−348.
Salakjani, N.K., Singh, P. and Nikoloski, A.N. 2021.
Production of lithium–A literature review. Part 2.
Extraction from spodumene. Mineral Processing and
Extractive Metallurgy Review 42(4): 268−283.
Setiawan, H., Petrus, H.T.B.M. and Perdana, I. 2019.
Reaction kinetics modeling for lithium and cobalt
recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries using acetic
acid. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy,
and Materials 26: 98−107.
Song, Y., Zhao, T., He, L., Zhao, Z. and Liu, X., 2019.
A promising approach for directly extracting lithium
from α-spodumene by alkaline digestion and precipita-
tion as phosphate. Hydrometallurgy 189: 105141.