XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 3219
demonstrated that graphite separation from the cathodic
metals was not related to the feed chemical composition
but the binder type used in battery manufacturing. With
significant difference in battery types being recycled, this
may result in significant variation in metal separation when
using the same processing conditions. Binder removal is
a critical step and temperature determination to remove
binder for different feed may be required prior to processing.
REFERENCES
Babanejad, S., Ahmed, H., Andersson, C., Samuelsson, C.,
Lennartsson, A., Hall, B., Arnerlof, L. (2022). High-
Temperature Behavior of Spent Li-Ion Battery Black
Mass in Inert Atmosphere. Journal of Sustainable
Metallurgy, 8, 566–581.
He, Y., Zhang, T., Wang, F., Zhang, G., Zhang, W.,
Wang, J. (2017). Recovery of LiCoO2 and Graphite
from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries by Fenton Reagent-
Assisted Flotation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143,
319–324.
Salces, A.M., Bremerstein, I., Rudolph, M., Vanderbruggen,
A. (2022). Joint Recovery of Graphite and Lithium
Metal Oxides from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries using
Froth Flotation and Investigation on Process Water
Re-use. Minerals Engineering, 184, 107670.
Wang, F., Zhang, T., He, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, S., Zhang,
G., Zhang, Y., Feng, Y. (2018). Recovery of Valuable
Materials from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries by
Mechanical Separation and Thermal Treatment.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 185, 646–652.
Zhang, G., He, Y., Feng, Y., Wang, H., Zhu, X. (2018).
Pyrolysis-Ultrasonic-Assisted Flotation Technology
for Recovering Graphite and LiCoO2 from Spent
Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Sustainable Chemistry &
Engineering, 6, 10896–10904.
(a) (b)
(b) (d)
Figure 11. (a) Sample B 3rd cleaner tailings and EDX spectra of (b) graphite particle, (c) gangue particle, and (d) cathodic
metal particle
demonstrated that graphite separation from the cathodic
metals was not related to the feed chemical composition
but the binder type used in battery manufacturing. With
significant difference in battery types being recycled, this
may result in significant variation in metal separation when
using the same processing conditions. Binder removal is
a critical step and temperature determination to remove
binder for different feed may be required prior to processing.
REFERENCES
Babanejad, S., Ahmed, H., Andersson, C., Samuelsson, C.,
Lennartsson, A., Hall, B., Arnerlof, L. (2022). High-
Temperature Behavior of Spent Li-Ion Battery Black
Mass in Inert Atmosphere. Journal of Sustainable
Metallurgy, 8, 566–581.
He, Y., Zhang, T., Wang, F., Zhang, G., Zhang, W.,
Wang, J. (2017). Recovery of LiCoO2 and Graphite
from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries by Fenton Reagent-
Assisted Flotation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143,
319–324.
Salces, A.M., Bremerstein, I., Rudolph, M., Vanderbruggen,
A. (2022). Joint Recovery of Graphite and Lithium
Metal Oxides from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries using
Froth Flotation and Investigation on Process Water
Re-use. Minerals Engineering, 184, 107670.
Wang, F., Zhang, T., He, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, S., Zhang,
G., Zhang, Y., Feng, Y. (2018). Recovery of Valuable
Materials from Spent Lithium-ion Batteries by
Mechanical Separation and Thermal Treatment.
Journal of Cleaner Production, 185, 646–652.
Zhang, G., He, Y., Feng, Y., Wang, H., Zhu, X. (2018).
Pyrolysis-Ultrasonic-Assisted Flotation Technology
for Recovering Graphite and LiCoO2 from Spent
Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Sustainable Chemistry &
Engineering, 6, 10896–10904.
(a) (b)
(b) (d)
Figure 11. (a) Sample B 3rd cleaner tailings and EDX spectra of (b) graphite particle, (c) gangue particle, and (d) cathodic
metal particle