2260 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
sulphate are as selective as established benchmarks
(Table 1). Hence, in comparison with isodecyloxyprolyl-
amine, isodecyl-6-aminohexanoate sulphate and 2-ethyl-
hexyl-6-aminohexanoate sulphate, they have much better
frothing properties. The results show that alkyletheramine
(isodecyloxyprolylamine) forms a very stable froth that
does not collapse (Table 3).
Biodegradability and Toxicity
As it was mentioned previously, biodegradability of the
newly developed surfactants is a requirement meaning, that
at least 60% of the surfactant must degrade in 28 days.
The biodegradability measurements of the surfactants used
in this study were performed according to OECD 301(D)
and the results are presented in Figure 3. 2 mg/l of humic
acid was used for the detoxification of isotridecanol etera-
mine and isooctanol eteramine in the performed tests.
The results show that ester-based surfactants are indeed
readily biodegradable: 60% of biodegradation was achieved
after only 11 days for the polyesterpolyquat and after 19
days for the new ester of aminohexanoic acid (2-ethyl-
hexyl-6-aminohexanoate sulphate). The results also show
that in the OECD 301 method, etheramines show slower
biodegradation.
The toxicity of alkyl esteramines towards aquatic
organisms was evaluated using OECD methods 201 and
Table 1. Flotation results presented as acid insoluble vs. iron weight recovery for several collectors in same iron ore (iron ore
contains 1,2w% SiO2 acid insoluble 2.0%)
Collector
Total
Dosage,
g/t
Acid Insoluble
Remaining in the
Cell, %
Acid Insoluble
Distributed to the
Froth, %Iron recovery, %
Maximum Height
of the Froth, cm
Isodecyloxypropylamine (partly
neutralized by acetic acid)
20 1.5 24.40 95.80
30 1.36 34.14 92.36
40 1.27 40.44 89.27 32
Polyester polyquaternary
ammonium compound
100 1.96 1.71 99.25
200 1.92 5.23 97.86
300 1.85 11.23 95.18 NA
Isodecyl -6-aminohexanoate
sulphate
50 1.47 25.93 94.42
75 1.28 39.16 88.98 22
100 1.16 48.89 82.16
2-ethylhexyl-6-aminohexanoate
sulphate
40 1.52 23.29 95.50
60 1.39 32.79 91.80
80 1.3 39.41 88.17 24
Isooctyl -6-aminohexanoate
sulphate
40 1.52 22.01 96.3
60 1.38 31.63 93.13
80 1.28 38.71 89.73
Source: (Smolko-Schwarzmayr et al., 2018)
Table 2. Flotation results when varying the iron silica ore using the same primary collector
Ore Collector Total dosage, g/t SiO2 in the final concentrate, %Recovery, %
Iron ore containing
9% of SiO2
Isodecyl-6-
aminohexanoate
sulphate
0 8.91 100
60 7.14 93.3
85 5.18 84.6
110 4.14 78.6
Iron ore containing
10% of SiO2
2-ethylhexyl-6-
aminohexanoate sulphate
0 9.82 100
150 8.63 89.5
200 7.98 77.3
250 7.7 70.2
Iron ore containing
16% of SiO2
2-ethylhexyl-6-
aminohexanoate sulphate
0 15.59 100
70 7.02 69.1
105 5.58 55.7
140 4.9 46.4
sulphate are as selective as established benchmarks
(Table 1). Hence, in comparison with isodecyloxyprolyl-
amine, isodecyl-6-aminohexanoate sulphate and 2-ethyl-
hexyl-6-aminohexanoate sulphate, they have much better
frothing properties. The results show that alkyletheramine
(isodecyloxyprolylamine) forms a very stable froth that
does not collapse (Table 3).
Biodegradability and Toxicity
As it was mentioned previously, biodegradability of the
newly developed surfactants is a requirement meaning, that
at least 60% of the surfactant must degrade in 28 days.
The biodegradability measurements of the surfactants used
in this study were performed according to OECD 301(D)
and the results are presented in Figure 3. 2 mg/l of humic
acid was used for the detoxification of isotridecanol etera-
mine and isooctanol eteramine in the performed tests.
The results show that ester-based surfactants are indeed
readily biodegradable: 60% of biodegradation was achieved
after only 11 days for the polyesterpolyquat and after 19
days for the new ester of aminohexanoic acid (2-ethyl-
hexyl-6-aminohexanoate sulphate). The results also show
that in the OECD 301 method, etheramines show slower
biodegradation.
The toxicity of alkyl esteramines towards aquatic
organisms was evaluated using OECD methods 201 and
Table 1. Flotation results presented as acid insoluble vs. iron weight recovery for several collectors in same iron ore (iron ore
contains 1,2w% SiO2 acid insoluble 2.0%)
Collector
Total
Dosage,
g/t
Acid Insoluble
Remaining in the
Cell, %
Acid Insoluble
Distributed to the
Froth, %Iron recovery, %
Maximum Height
of the Froth, cm
Isodecyloxypropylamine (partly
neutralized by acetic acid)
20 1.5 24.40 95.80
30 1.36 34.14 92.36
40 1.27 40.44 89.27 32
Polyester polyquaternary
ammonium compound
100 1.96 1.71 99.25
200 1.92 5.23 97.86
300 1.85 11.23 95.18 NA
Isodecyl -6-aminohexanoate
sulphate
50 1.47 25.93 94.42
75 1.28 39.16 88.98 22
100 1.16 48.89 82.16
2-ethylhexyl-6-aminohexanoate
sulphate
40 1.52 23.29 95.50
60 1.39 32.79 91.80
80 1.3 39.41 88.17 24
Isooctyl -6-aminohexanoate
sulphate
40 1.52 22.01 96.3
60 1.38 31.63 93.13
80 1.28 38.71 89.73
Source: (Smolko-Schwarzmayr et al., 2018)
Table 2. Flotation results when varying the iron silica ore using the same primary collector
Ore Collector Total dosage, g/t SiO2 in the final concentrate, %Recovery, %
Iron ore containing
9% of SiO2
Isodecyl-6-
aminohexanoate
sulphate
0 8.91 100
60 7.14 93.3
85 5.18 84.6
110 4.14 78.6
Iron ore containing
10% of SiO2
2-ethylhexyl-6-
aminohexanoate sulphate
0 9.82 100
150 8.63 89.5
200 7.98 77.3
250 7.7 70.2
Iron ore containing
16% of SiO2
2-ethylhexyl-6-
aminohexanoate sulphate
0 15.59 100
70 7.02 69.1
105 5.58 55.7
140 4.9 46.4