XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1661
[17] J. Vind et al., “Modes of occurrences of scandium
in Greek bauxite and bauxite residue,” Minerals
Engineering, vol. 123, pp. 35–48, 2018/07/01/ 2018,
doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.04.025.
[18] N. Zhang, H.-X. Li, H.-J. Cheng, and X.-M. Liu,
“Electron probe microanalysis for revealing occur-
rence mode of scandium in Bayer red mud,” Rare
Metals, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 295–303, 2017/04/01
2017, doi: 10.1007/s12598-017-0893-x.
[19] Z. Liu, Y. Zong, H. Li, and Z. Zhao, “Characterization
of scandium and gallium in red mud with Time of
Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)
and Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA),” Minerals
Engineering, vol. 119, pp. 263–273, 2018/04/01/
2018, doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.01.038.
[20] A. Shoppert et al., “Selective Scandium (Sc) Extraction
from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Alkali
Fusion-Leaching Method,” (in eng), Materials (Basel),
vol. 15, no. 2, Jan 7 2022, doi: 10.3390/ma15020433.
[21] R.M. Rivera, G. Ounoughene, C.R. Borra, K.
Binnemans, and T. Van Gerven, “Neutralisation
of bauxite residue by carbon dioxide prior to acidic
leaching for metal recovery,” Minerals Engineering, vol.
112, pp. 92–102, 2017/10/01/ 2017, doi: 10.1016
/j.mineng.2017.07.011.
[22] J. Anawati and G. Azimi, “Recovery of scandium
from Canadian bauxite residue utilizing acid baking
followed by water leaching,” Waste Management, vol.
95, pp. 549–559, 2019/07/15/ 2019, doi: 10.1016
/j.wasman.2019.06.044.
[23] C.R. Borra, J. Mermans, B. Blanpain, Y. Pontikes,
K. Binnemans, and T. Van Gerven, “Selective recov-
ery of rare earths from bauxite residue by combina-
tion of sulfation, roasting and leaching,” Minerals
Engineering, vol. 92, pp. 151–159, 2016/06/01/
2016, doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2016.03.002.
[24] Z. Liu, Y. Zong, H. Li, D. Jia, and Z. Zhao,
“Selectively recovering scandium from high alkali
Bayer red mud without impurities of iron, titanium
and gallium,” Journal of Rare Earths, vol. 35, no.
9, pp. 896–905, 2017/09/01/ 2017, doi: 10.1016
/S1002-0721(17)60992-X.
[25] V.K. Kuppusamy and M. Holuszko, “Sulfuric acid
baking and water leaching of rare earth elements from
coal tailings,” Fuel, vol. 319, p. 123738, 2022/07/01/
2022, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123738.
[26] A. Shoppert, I. Loginova, J. Napol’skikh, and D.
Valeev, “High-Selective Extraction of Scandium (Sc)
from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) by Acid Leaching
with MgSO(4),” (in eng), Materials (Basel), vol. 15,
no. 4, Feb 11 2022, doi: 10.3390/ma15041343.
[27] L.A. Pasechnik, V.M. Skachkov, A.Y. Chufarov, A.Y.
Suntsov, and S.P. Yatsenko, “High purity scandium
extraction from red mud by novel simple technology,”
Hydrometallurgy, vol. 202, p. 105597, 2021/06/01/
2021, doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105597.
[28] A.V. Boyarintsev, H.Y. Aung, S.I. Stepanov, A.A.
Shoustikov, P.I. Ivanov, and V.G. Giganov, “Evaluation
of Main Factors for Improvement of the Scandium
Leaching Process from Russian Bauxite Residue (Red
Mud) in Carbonate Media,” ACS Omega, vol. 7, no.
1, pp. 259–273, 2022/01/11 2022, doi: 10.1021/
acsomega.1c04580.
[29] X.-k. Zhang, K.-g. Zhou, W. Chen, Q.-y. Lei, Y.
Huang, and C.-h. Peng, “Recovery of iron and
rare earth elements from red mud through an acid
leaching-stepwise extraction approach,” Journal of
Central South University, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 458–466,
2019/02/01 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11771-019-4018-6.
[30] X. Zhu, W. Li, B. Xing, and Y. Zhang, “Extraction of
scandium from red mud by acid leaching with CaF2
and solvent extraction with P507,” Journal of Rare
Earths, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1003–1008, 2020/09/01/
2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jre.2019.12.001.
[31] B. Deng et al., “Enrichment of Sc2O3 and TiO2
from bauxite ore residues,” Journal of Hazardous
Materials, vol. 331, pp. 71–80, 2017/06/05/ 2017,
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.022.
[32] J. Zhou, S. Ma, Y. Chen, S. Ning, Y. Wei, and T.
Fujita, “Recovery of scandium from red mud by
leaching with titanium white waste acid and sol-
vent extraction with P204,” Hydrometallurgy, vol.
204, p. 105724, 2021/09/01/ 2021, doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2021.105724.
[33] G. Alkan et al., “Selective silica gel free scan-
dium extraction from Iron-depleted red mud
slags by dry digestion,” Hydrometallurgy, vol. 185,
pp. 266–272, 2019/05/01/ 2019, doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2019.03.008.
[34] Abhilash, S. Hedrich, and A. Schippers, “Distribution
of scandium in red mud and extraction using
Gluconobacter oxydans,” Hydrometallurgy, vol.
202, p. 105621, 2021/06/01/ 2021, doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2021.105621.
[35] J. Anawati and G. Azimi, “Integrated carbothermic
smelting – Acid baking – Water leaching process for
extraction of scandium, aluminum, and iron from
bauxite residue,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.
[17] J. Vind et al., “Modes of occurrences of scandium
in Greek bauxite and bauxite residue,” Minerals
Engineering, vol. 123, pp. 35–48, 2018/07/01/ 2018,
doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.04.025.
[18] N. Zhang, H.-X. Li, H.-J. Cheng, and X.-M. Liu,
“Electron probe microanalysis for revealing occur-
rence mode of scandium in Bayer red mud,” Rare
Metals, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 295–303, 2017/04/01
2017, doi: 10.1007/s12598-017-0893-x.
[19] Z. Liu, Y. Zong, H. Li, and Z. Zhao, “Characterization
of scandium and gallium in red mud with Time of
Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)
and Electron Probe Micro-Analysis (EPMA),” Minerals
Engineering, vol. 119, pp. 263–273, 2018/04/01/
2018, doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.01.038.
[20] A. Shoppert et al., “Selective Scandium (Sc) Extraction
from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) Obtained by Alkali
Fusion-Leaching Method,” (in eng), Materials (Basel),
vol. 15, no. 2, Jan 7 2022, doi: 10.3390/ma15020433.
[21] R.M. Rivera, G. Ounoughene, C.R. Borra, K.
Binnemans, and T. Van Gerven, “Neutralisation
of bauxite residue by carbon dioxide prior to acidic
leaching for metal recovery,” Minerals Engineering, vol.
112, pp. 92–102, 2017/10/01/ 2017, doi: 10.1016
/j.mineng.2017.07.011.
[22] J. Anawati and G. Azimi, “Recovery of scandium
from Canadian bauxite residue utilizing acid baking
followed by water leaching,” Waste Management, vol.
95, pp. 549–559, 2019/07/15/ 2019, doi: 10.1016
/j.wasman.2019.06.044.
[23] C.R. Borra, J. Mermans, B. Blanpain, Y. Pontikes,
K. Binnemans, and T. Van Gerven, “Selective recov-
ery of rare earths from bauxite residue by combina-
tion of sulfation, roasting and leaching,” Minerals
Engineering, vol. 92, pp. 151–159, 2016/06/01/
2016, doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2016.03.002.
[24] Z. Liu, Y. Zong, H. Li, D. Jia, and Z. Zhao,
“Selectively recovering scandium from high alkali
Bayer red mud without impurities of iron, titanium
and gallium,” Journal of Rare Earths, vol. 35, no.
9, pp. 896–905, 2017/09/01/ 2017, doi: 10.1016
/S1002-0721(17)60992-X.
[25] V.K. Kuppusamy and M. Holuszko, “Sulfuric acid
baking and water leaching of rare earth elements from
coal tailings,” Fuel, vol. 319, p. 123738, 2022/07/01/
2022, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123738.
[26] A. Shoppert, I. Loginova, J. Napol’skikh, and D.
Valeev, “High-Selective Extraction of Scandium (Sc)
from Bauxite Residue (Red Mud) by Acid Leaching
with MgSO(4),” (in eng), Materials (Basel), vol. 15,
no. 4, Feb 11 2022, doi: 10.3390/ma15041343.
[27] L.A. Pasechnik, V.M. Skachkov, A.Y. Chufarov, A.Y.
Suntsov, and S.P. Yatsenko, “High purity scandium
extraction from red mud by novel simple technology,”
Hydrometallurgy, vol. 202, p. 105597, 2021/06/01/
2021, doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105597.
[28] A.V. Boyarintsev, H.Y. Aung, S.I. Stepanov, A.A.
Shoustikov, P.I. Ivanov, and V.G. Giganov, “Evaluation
of Main Factors for Improvement of the Scandium
Leaching Process from Russian Bauxite Residue (Red
Mud) in Carbonate Media,” ACS Omega, vol. 7, no.
1, pp. 259–273, 2022/01/11 2022, doi: 10.1021/
acsomega.1c04580.
[29] X.-k. Zhang, K.-g. Zhou, W. Chen, Q.-y. Lei, Y.
Huang, and C.-h. Peng, “Recovery of iron and
rare earth elements from red mud through an acid
leaching-stepwise extraction approach,” Journal of
Central South University, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 458–466,
2019/02/01 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11771-019-4018-6.
[30] X. Zhu, W. Li, B. Xing, and Y. Zhang, “Extraction of
scandium from red mud by acid leaching with CaF2
and solvent extraction with P507,” Journal of Rare
Earths, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1003–1008, 2020/09/01/
2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jre.2019.12.001.
[31] B. Deng et al., “Enrichment of Sc2O3 and TiO2
from bauxite ore residues,” Journal of Hazardous
Materials, vol. 331, pp. 71–80, 2017/06/05/ 2017,
doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.022.
[32] J. Zhou, S. Ma, Y. Chen, S. Ning, Y. Wei, and T.
Fujita, “Recovery of scandium from red mud by
leaching with titanium white waste acid and sol-
vent extraction with P204,” Hydrometallurgy, vol.
204, p. 105724, 2021/09/01/ 2021, doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2021.105724.
[33] G. Alkan et al., “Selective silica gel free scan-
dium extraction from Iron-depleted red mud
slags by dry digestion,” Hydrometallurgy, vol. 185,
pp. 266–272, 2019/05/01/ 2019, doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2019.03.008.
[34] Abhilash, S. Hedrich, and A. Schippers, “Distribution
of scandium in red mud and extraction using
Gluconobacter oxydans,” Hydrometallurgy, vol.
202, p. 105621, 2021/06/01/ 2021, doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2021.105621.
[35] J. Anawati and G. Azimi, “Integrated carbothermic
smelting – Acid baking – Water leaching process for
extraction of scandium, aluminum, and iron from
bauxite residue,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.