1618 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
Conventional leaching (CL) experiments: All the pro-
cedures were the same as that of UAL except the stirring.
During the CL experiments, the mixture was stirred by a
magnetic stirrer rather than ultrasound wave.
The leaching ratio of vanadium, L (%),was computed
by Eq. (1).
L G m
C V 100 #
##=(1)
where L is the leaching ratio of vanadium (%)G is the
grade of vanadium in the shale (%)m is the weight of dry
raw shale (g) C is the concentration of vanadium in the
leaching solution (g/L) V is the volume of the leachate (L).
Characterization and Measurement Methods
Ferrous ammonium sulfate titration method was adopted
to detect the vanadium concentration and contents in the
leaching solution and raw shale (Chen et al., 2020). XRF
(Zetium, Panalytical, Netherlands) was applied to deter-
mine the chemical compositions of the raw shale, and XRD
(Rigaku, Japan) was used to analyze the phases composi-
tions of the raw materials and leaching residues. The infrared
spectrometer of the leaching residues was tested by Fourier
transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR, VERTEX-70,
Bruker, Germany). Scanning electron microscope (SEM,
JSM-IT300, JEOL, Japan) furnished with an energy disper-
sive spectrometer (EDS, Oxford, UK) was used to observe
the microstructure and elemental distribution in micro area
of the raw material and leaching residues. The laser particle
size analyzer (BT-9300H, Dandong Bettersize Instrument
Co., Ltd., China) was adopted to detect the distribution of
the leaching residues.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Effects of Leaching Temperature on the Leaching
Characterizations of Vanadium
As is displayed in Figure 3, the leaching ratio of vanadium
in the CL and UAL systems both augment with the eleva-
tion of the leaching temperature, which indicates that the
increased temperature is conducive to strengthen the leach-
ing reaction between vanadium and the lixiviant (Hu et al.,
2017). In the meanwhile, it can be obviously observed from
Figure 3 that the leaching ratio of vanadium in UAL system
is all higher than that in the CL system at the same leaching
temperature. Particularly, the increased preponderance of
vanadium leaching ratio is more apparent at higher leach-
ing temperature. The results imply that the combination
of ultrasound and NaClO3 can intensify the destruction of
the muscovite lattice at high temperature, promoting the
release and dissolution of vanadium.
Effects of Leaching Time on the Leaching
Characterizations of Vanadium
The leaching time on the leaching ratio of vanadium were
comparatively investigated in these two leaching systems.
Both the leaching ratio of vanadium first linearly elevates
Figure 2. Microstructure and elements distribution of the raw shale
Conventional leaching (CL) experiments: All the pro-
cedures were the same as that of UAL except the stirring.
During the CL experiments, the mixture was stirred by a
magnetic stirrer rather than ultrasound wave.
The leaching ratio of vanadium, L (%),was computed
by Eq. (1).
L G m
C V 100 #
##=(1)
where L is the leaching ratio of vanadium (%)G is the
grade of vanadium in the shale (%)m is the weight of dry
raw shale (g) C is the concentration of vanadium in the
leaching solution (g/L) V is the volume of the leachate (L).
Characterization and Measurement Methods
Ferrous ammonium sulfate titration method was adopted
to detect the vanadium concentration and contents in the
leaching solution and raw shale (Chen et al., 2020). XRF
(Zetium, Panalytical, Netherlands) was applied to deter-
mine the chemical compositions of the raw shale, and XRD
(Rigaku, Japan) was used to analyze the phases composi-
tions of the raw materials and leaching residues. The infrared
spectrometer of the leaching residues was tested by Fourier
transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR, VERTEX-70,
Bruker, Germany). Scanning electron microscope (SEM,
JSM-IT300, JEOL, Japan) furnished with an energy disper-
sive spectrometer (EDS, Oxford, UK) was used to observe
the microstructure and elemental distribution in micro area
of the raw material and leaching residues. The laser particle
size analyzer (BT-9300H, Dandong Bettersize Instrument
Co., Ltd., China) was adopted to detect the distribution of
the leaching residues.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Effects of Leaching Temperature on the Leaching
Characterizations of Vanadium
As is displayed in Figure 3, the leaching ratio of vanadium
in the CL and UAL systems both augment with the eleva-
tion of the leaching temperature, which indicates that the
increased temperature is conducive to strengthen the leach-
ing reaction between vanadium and the lixiviant (Hu et al.,
2017). In the meanwhile, it can be obviously observed from
Figure 3 that the leaching ratio of vanadium in UAL system
is all higher than that in the CL system at the same leaching
temperature. Particularly, the increased preponderance of
vanadium leaching ratio is more apparent at higher leach-
ing temperature. The results imply that the combination
of ultrasound and NaClO3 can intensify the destruction of
the muscovite lattice at high temperature, promoting the
release and dissolution of vanadium.
Effects of Leaching Time on the Leaching
Characterizations of Vanadium
The leaching time on the leaching ratio of vanadium were
comparatively investigated in these two leaching systems.
Both the leaching ratio of vanadium first linearly elevates
Figure 2. Microstructure and elements distribution of the raw shale