XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings Page 1434 (1458 of 3836)

XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1487
Ren, Z., Zhang, T., Liu, J., Tomlinson, M., Asselin, E.
2017. Characterization of Carbonaceous Matters
Associated with Preg-robbing Ores. 56th Conference
of Metallurgists World Gold and Nickel-Cobalt,
Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Stenebråten, J.F., Johnson, W.P., Brosnahan, D.R.,
McMullen, J. 1999. Characterization Of Goldstrike Ore
Carbonaceous Matter. SME Annual Meeting, Denver,
CO, USA.
van Deventer, J.S.J, Tan, H., Feng, D., Lukey, G.C. 2005.
The Behavior of Carbonaceous Metter in Gold Extraction.
44th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM.
Calgary, AB, Canada.

Previous Page Next Page

Extracted Text (may have errors)

XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1487
Ren, Z., Zhang, T., Liu, J., Tomlinson, M., Asselin, E.
2017. Characterization of Carbonaceous Matters
Associated with Preg-robbing Ores. 56th Conference
of Metallurgists World Gold and Nickel-Cobalt,
Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Stenebråten, J.F., Johnson, W.P., Brosnahan, D.R.,
McMullen, J. 1999. Characterization Of Goldstrike Ore
Carbonaceous Matter. SME Annual Meeting, Denver,
CO, USA.
van Deventer, J.S.J, Tan, H., Feng, D., Lukey, G.C. 2005.
The Behavior of Carbonaceous Metter in Gold Extraction.
44th Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM.
Calgary, AB, Canada.

Help

1486 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
of activated carbon were utilized to try to isolate the influ-
ence of gold robbing by CM from other factors that can
influence the gold extraction in a polymetallic ore. While
the average of the delta gold extraction was found to be
higher for the high carbon samples, there was not a strong
correlation between the delta gold extractions and the CM
concentrations, indicating that there may be structurally
different types of CM present with different degrees of gold
robbing capacity. A select number of samples were classified
by Raman as containing a crystalline or amorphous carbon
structure and this classification was consistent with the gold
robbing classification determined by the gold-rob #.While
the gold robbing and structure of the CM in the samples
appeared to be in line with the CM content in the ore, the
delta gold extractions did not seem to be directly related
to these gold robbing characteristics, which indicates that
other factors are influencing the enhanced recoveries in the
presence of activated carbon.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The support and collaboration of the Newmont Technical
Services Processing team and site operations team mem-
bers who took part in various discussions about the results
presented in this paper are gratefully acknowledged by the
authors. Their helpful feedback and ideas contributed to
enhancing the direction and quality of this work.
REFERENCES
Baron, Y.I., Choi, Y., Jeffrey, M. 2016. Double-Refractory
Carbonaceous Sulfidic Gold Ores. In Gold Ore
Processing, Project Development and Operations, 2nd ed.
Edited by M.D. Adams. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Darteh, F.K., Abdul-Wasiu, M., Boateng, A., Ofori-
Sarpong, G. 2020. Predicting the Extent of Preg-
robbing Based on the Maturity of Carbonaceous Gold
Ores. 6th UMaT Biennial International Mining and
Mineral Conference, Tarkwa, Ghana, 433–438.
Goodall, W.R., Leatham, J.D., Scales, P.J. 2005. A New
Method for Determination of Preg-robbing in Gold
Ores. Minerals Engineering 18: 1135–1141.
Hart, B.R., Dimov, S.S., Mermillod-Blondin, R. Fournier, J.
2011. Procedure for Characterization of Carbonaceous
Matter in an Ore Sample with Estimation Towards its
Pres-Robbing Capacity. 50th Annual Conference of
Metallurgists of CIM. Montreal, QC, Canada.
Helm, M., Vaughan, J., Staunton, W.P., Avraamides.
2009. An investigation of the carbonaceous component
of preg-robbing gold ores. World Gold Conference, The
Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
Gauteng, South Africa.
Hu, G., Li, Z., Liu, J., Xiao, C., Zhang, Q., Liu, F.,
Wang, W., Zhang, P. 2022. Genetic Linkage Between
Carbonaceous Materials and Triassic Gold Deposits in
the Liaodong Peninsula, Northeastern North China
Craton: Insights from Raman Spectroscopy and CO
isotope analysis. Ore Geology Reviews 150: 105182.
Jankolovits, J., Reyes, G.S., Santana, A. 2020. Beyond
Simple Mechanism: The Multifaceted Impact of Carbon
Depressants on the Flotation of Carbonaceous Sulfide
Ores. XXX International Mineral Processing Congress,
Cape Town, South Africa.
Large, R.R., Bull, S.W., Maslennikov, V. 2011. A
Carbonaceous Sedimentary Source-rock Model for
Carlin-type and Orogenic Gold Deposits. Society of
Economic Geology 106: 331–358.
Lind, P.J., Tomlinson, M.A, Awmack, J. 2018. Organic
Mitigation at Peñasquito. 50th Annual Canadian
Mineral Processors Operators Conference. Ottawa,
ON, Canada.
Marsden, J.O. &House, C.I. 2006. Chemistry of Gold
Extraction. 2nd ed. Littleton, CO: SME.
Miller, J.D, Wan, R.-Y., Diaz, X. 2016. Preg-Robbing
Gold Ores. In Gold Ore Processing, Project Development
and Operations, 2nd ed. Edited by M.D. Adams.
Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Ng, W.S., Yang, Y., Su, X., Zhong, S., Chen, M. 2022.
Characterization of Preg-robbing Carbonaceous
Minerals from the Shuiyindong Carlin-type Gold
Deposit via Spectroscopic Techniques. Mining,
Metallurgy &Exploration 39: 169–188.
Olson, J. 2017. The Prediction of Carbon-in-leach Gold
Recovery Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy. 56th
Conference of Metallurgists World Gold and Nickel-
Cobalt, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Osseo-Asare, K.A., Afenya, P.M., Abotsi, G.M.K. 1984.
Carbonaceous Matter in Gold Ores: Isolation,
Characterization and Adsorption Behavior in
Aurocyanide Solutions, Precious Metals: Mining,
Extraction and Processing, Los Angeles, CA,
Metallurgical Society of AIME.
Radtke, A.S. &Scheiner B.J. 1970. Studies of Hydrothermal
Gold Deposition -(pt.) 1, Carlin Gold Deposit,
Nevada, The Role of Carbonaceous Materials in Gold
Deposition. Economic Geology 65 (2): 87–102.
Rees, K.L., van Deventer, J.S.J. 2000. The mechanism of
enhanced gold extraction from ores in the presence of
activated carbon, Hydrometallurgy 58:151–167.

Previous Page Next Page

1488
Chromium Ore Particles Circularity Measurement by
Digital Image Processing
André C Silva, Elenice M S Silva, Arthur Bergamini, Guilherme Sousa Rosa da Silva,
Itamar Luis Fernandes Júnior, Bruna de Oliveira Gomes, Joel Junior Fernandes
Universidade Federal de Catalão (UFCAT)
Pablo Souza de Oliveira, André Figueiredo Nascimento
Companhia de Ferro Ligas da Bahia (FERBASA)
ABSTRACT: Chromium (Cr) is one of the most versatile and widely used chemical element due to its resistance
to oxidation, which makes it an essential raw material in the metallurgical, chemical, and refractory industries.
Its main application is in the production of stainless steel, in the form of ferrochrome alloy (FeCr). This is a
crude alloy, consisting essentially of chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe), with carbon (C) content ≤ 1.2% (wt.) and
Cr content ≥ 10.5%. Chromium ore are widely concentrated by gravimetric routes. However, the complexity
of the Brazilian chromium ore is driving the development of flotation routes for this ore. Since is ore Bond’s
Work Index is around 14 kW/t the particles exit the ball mill with a spherical shape. Using optical microscopy
and digital image processing the PSD and circularity of a Brazilian chromium ore was measured after different
milling conditions.
INTRODUCTION
Chromium, due to its unique properties, finds application
in several industrial sectors, being classified as the fifth most
used metal in industry (Sampaio et al., 2005). However, its
relevance stands out mainly in the production of chromium
ferroalloys, where, according to Murthy et al., (2011),
approximately 90% of the extracted chromite ore is pro-
cessed by the metallurgical industry into different levels of
ferrochrome. The stainless-steel industry is responsible for
consuming around 80% of this ferrochrome.
In the Brazilian context, chromite production has
gained prominence in recent decades, driven by the growth
of the steel and metallurgical industries in the country.
Brazil has significant chromium reserves, mainly concen-
trated in regions such as the state of Bahia, Minas Gerais
and Amapá (ANM, 2022), contributing to the national
economy and strengthening the mineral sector.
Although chromite (FeCr2O4) is the only mineral
economically usable chromium mineral, several minerals,
mainly oxides and silicates, have Cr in their composition
(Koleli &Demir 2016 Pariser 2013 Murthy et al. 2011
Akyüziü &Eric 1992). Chromium ore is mined in more
than 20 countries, with the world’s main reserves concen-
trated in Kazakhstan (41.07%), South Africa (35.71%),
and India (17.86%) (USGS 2023 Kleynhans et al. 2012).
Brazil is considered the only Cr producer in the Americas,
with 0.5% of the world’s exploitable reserves (MME 2022).
The Brazilian reserves are in the states of Bahia (33.53%),
Amapá (32%), and Minas Gerais (20%) (Lima &Neves
2016). Between 2000 and 2020, most of the beneficiated
production of chromite comes from Amapá and Bahia

Previous Page Next Page

Extracted Text (may have errors)

Help

loading