9
the normal temperatures for the autoignition of methane.
These results should be taken into consideration during the
selection of battery chemistry for use in BEVs in the min-
ing environment.
DISCLAIMER
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the official
position of the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Mention of any company or product does not constitute
endorsement by NIOSH.
REFERENCE
[1] The International Agency for Research on Cancer
(2012). IARC: Diesel engine exhaust carcinogenic
[Press Release No. 213]. World Health Organization.
Retrieved August 2019 from www.iarc.fr/en/media
-centre/pr/2012/pdfs/pr213_E.pdf.
[2] NIOSH (2017). Mining project: Advance strate-
gies for controlling exposures to diesel aerosols.
Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health. Retrieved September 2019
from www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/researchprogram
/projects/project_DieselAerosols.html.
[3] GMSG (2017). Recommended Practices for
Battery Electric Vehicles in Underground Mining.
20160726_UG_Mining_BEV-GMSG-WG-
v01-r01. Ormstown, QC, CA.
[4] Boston, W., Kowsmann, P. (2022) “Burning Electric-
Vehicle Batteries Complicate Efforts to Fight Fire on
Drifting Ship in Atlantic Ocean” Wall Street Journal
from www.wsj.com/articles/burning-electric-vehicle
-batteries-complicate-efforts-to-fight-fire-on
-drifting-ship-in-atlantic-ocean-11645385571.
[5] Hummel, T. Kar-Gupta, S. Clarke, D. (2022).
“Paris withdraws Bollore’s electric buses after two
catch fire.” Reuters www.reuters.com/business/autos
-t r a n s p o r t a t i o n /p a r i s -p u b l i c -t r a n s p o r t
-network-suspends-bollore-e-buses-after-fire
-incidents-2022-04-29/.
[6] Reasoner, J. J., Regier, B. A., Beckendorf, R., &
McAllister, R. K. (2020). Update on the Risks of
Electronic Cigarettes-Vaping. The Ochsner Journal,
20(1), 2–4. doi.org/10.31486/toj.20.0012.
[7] Gillett, S. (2021). Battery Electric Vehicle Emergency
Response Incident Review and Best Practices.
Workplace Safety North Virtual Symposium:
Battery Electric Vehicle Safety in Mines, January 20,
2021. Retrieved August 2022 from www.workplace
safetynorth.ca/resources/virtual-symposium-battery
-electric-vehicle-safety-mines.
[8] Jacques, D. (2019). BEV Pioneering Partnership at
Borden—Celebrate the wins, face the challenges.
Mining Diesel Emissions Council. MDEC 2019,
October 7–10, Toronto, ON. S6P3. Retrieved August
2021 from mdec.ca/2019/S6P3_David_Jacques.pdf.
[9] Roth EP, Crafts CC, Doughty DH, McBreen J
(2004) Advanced technology development program
for lithium-ion batteries: Thermal abuse performance
of 18650 Li-ion cells. Sandia Nat. Lab., Albuquerque
Rep. SAND2004-0584, Retrieved August 2019 from
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7c66/2ecf8d3c4830c84283
f225504e5b2f454ba8.pdf.
[10] Ponchaut, N., Marr, K., Colella, F., Somandepalli,
V., Horn, Q. (2015). Thermal runaway and safety
of large lithium-ion battery systems. In International
Stationary Battery Conference, Orlando, FL.
[11] 30 CFR. (2018). Code of Federal Regulations,
Mineral Resources, Parts 1 to 199, U.S. Department
of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration,
Arlington, VA, USA. Retrieved August 2022 from
arlweb.msha.gov/regs/30cfr/.
[12] MSHA (2005). Requirements For Explosion
Testing PER 30 CFR, 18.62, ASTP 2137. U.S.
Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health
Administration, Arlington, VA, USA. Retrieved
August 2021 from arlweb.msha.gov/TECHSUPP
/ACC/StandardTestProcs/AS TP2137.pdf.
[13] Dubaniewicz, T.H., Zlochower, I., Barone, T.,
Thomas, R., Yuan, L. (2021). Thermal Runaway
Pressures of Iron Phosphate Lithium-Ion Cells as a
Function of Free Space Within Sealed Enclosures.
Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration 38:539–547. doi
.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00349-9.
[14] Dubaniewicz, T. H., Barone, T. L., Brown, C. B.,
Thomas, R. A. (2022). Comparison of thermal run-
away pressures within sealed enclosures for nickel
manganese cobalt and iron phosphate cathode
lithium-ion cells. Journal of Loss Prevention in the
Process Industries, 76, 104739. doi.org/10.1016
/j.jlp.2022.104739.
[15] Yuan, L., Dubaniewicz, T., Zlochower, I., Thomas,
R., Rayyan, N. (2020). Experimental study on ther-
mal runaway and vented gases of lithium-ion cells.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 144,
186–192.
the normal temperatures for the autoignition of methane.
These results should be taken into consideration during the
selection of battery chemistry for use in BEVs in the min-
ing environment.
DISCLAIMER
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the official
position of the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Mention of any company or product does not constitute
endorsement by NIOSH.
REFERENCE
[1] The International Agency for Research on Cancer
(2012). IARC: Diesel engine exhaust carcinogenic
[Press Release No. 213]. World Health Organization.
Retrieved August 2019 from www.iarc.fr/en/media
-centre/pr/2012/pdfs/pr213_E.pdf.
[2] NIOSH (2017). Mining project: Advance strate-
gies for controlling exposures to diesel aerosols.
Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health. Retrieved September 2019
from www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/researchprogram
/projects/project_DieselAerosols.html.
[3] GMSG (2017). Recommended Practices for
Battery Electric Vehicles in Underground Mining.
20160726_UG_Mining_BEV-GMSG-WG-
v01-r01. Ormstown, QC, CA.
[4] Boston, W., Kowsmann, P. (2022) “Burning Electric-
Vehicle Batteries Complicate Efforts to Fight Fire on
Drifting Ship in Atlantic Ocean” Wall Street Journal
from www.wsj.com/articles/burning-electric-vehicle
-batteries-complicate-efforts-to-fight-fire-on
-drifting-ship-in-atlantic-ocean-11645385571.
[5] Hummel, T. Kar-Gupta, S. Clarke, D. (2022).
“Paris withdraws Bollore’s electric buses after two
catch fire.” Reuters www.reuters.com/business/autos
-t r a n s p o r t a t i o n /p a r i s -p u b l i c -t r a n s p o r t
-network-suspends-bollore-e-buses-after-fire
-incidents-2022-04-29/.
[6] Reasoner, J. J., Regier, B. A., Beckendorf, R., &
McAllister, R. K. (2020). Update on the Risks of
Electronic Cigarettes-Vaping. The Ochsner Journal,
20(1), 2–4. doi.org/10.31486/toj.20.0012.
[7] Gillett, S. (2021). Battery Electric Vehicle Emergency
Response Incident Review and Best Practices.
Workplace Safety North Virtual Symposium:
Battery Electric Vehicle Safety in Mines, January 20,
2021. Retrieved August 2022 from www.workplace
safetynorth.ca/resources/virtual-symposium-battery
-electric-vehicle-safety-mines.
[8] Jacques, D. (2019). BEV Pioneering Partnership at
Borden—Celebrate the wins, face the challenges.
Mining Diesel Emissions Council. MDEC 2019,
October 7–10, Toronto, ON. S6P3. Retrieved August
2021 from mdec.ca/2019/S6P3_David_Jacques.pdf.
[9] Roth EP, Crafts CC, Doughty DH, McBreen J
(2004) Advanced technology development program
for lithium-ion batteries: Thermal abuse performance
of 18650 Li-ion cells. Sandia Nat. Lab., Albuquerque
Rep. SAND2004-0584, Retrieved August 2019 from
pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7c66/2ecf8d3c4830c84283
f225504e5b2f454ba8.pdf.
[10] Ponchaut, N., Marr, K., Colella, F., Somandepalli,
V., Horn, Q. (2015). Thermal runaway and safety
of large lithium-ion battery systems. In International
Stationary Battery Conference, Orlando, FL.
[11] 30 CFR. (2018). Code of Federal Regulations,
Mineral Resources, Parts 1 to 199, U.S. Department
of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Administration,
Arlington, VA, USA. Retrieved August 2022 from
arlweb.msha.gov/regs/30cfr/.
[12] MSHA (2005). Requirements For Explosion
Testing PER 30 CFR, 18.62, ASTP 2137. U.S.
Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health
Administration, Arlington, VA, USA. Retrieved
August 2021 from arlweb.msha.gov/TECHSUPP
/ACC/StandardTestProcs/AS TP2137.pdf.
[13] Dubaniewicz, T.H., Zlochower, I., Barone, T.,
Thomas, R., Yuan, L. (2021). Thermal Runaway
Pressures of Iron Phosphate Lithium-Ion Cells as a
Function of Free Space Within Sealed Enclosures.
Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration 38:539–547. doi
.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00349-9.
[14] Dubaniewicz, T. H., Barone, T. L., Brown, C. B.,
Thomas, R. A. (2022). Comparison of thermal run-
away pressures within sealed enclosures for nickel
manganese cobalt and iron phosphate cathode
lithium-ion cells. Journal of Loss Prevention in the
Process Industries, 76, 104739. doi.org/10.1016
/j.jlp.2022.104739.
[15] Yuan, L., Dubaniewicz, T., Zlochower, I., Thomas,
R., Rayyan, N. (2020). Experimental study on ther-
mal runaway and vented gases of lithium-ion cells.
Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 144,
186–192.