8
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[2] Sandvik, n.d., “Technical specifications,” accessed
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[3] Northvolt, 2019, “Breaking new ground: the
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[4] Epiroc, n.d., “Underground electric loaders,”
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[10] Lithos Energy, n.d., “Lithos High Voltage Battery
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[11] Moore, P., 2021, “Siemens patented all-electric
Mobile Mining Truck based on proven technology,”
International Mining, accessed November 14, 2023,
im-mining.com/2021/11/04/siemens-patented
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-technology/.
[12] Stephens. D., Shawcross, P., Stout, G., Sullivan, E.,
Saunders, J., Risser, S., and J. Sayre, 2017, “Lithium-
ion battery safety issues for electric and plug-in hybrid
vehicles,” Report No. DOT HS 812 418, National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Washington,
DC, USA, 261, www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files
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[13] McDowall, J., 2008, “Understanding lithium-ion
technology.” Proceedings of Battcon, 1–10, www
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[14] Iraçabal, X., 2021, “Batteries go underground,” SAE
International Truck &Off-highway Engineering,
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[15] Battery University, 2019, “BU-301a: Types of Battery
Cells,” accessed on November 14, 2023, battery
university.com/article/bu-301a-types-of-battery-cells.
[16] Arar, S., 2020, “The Three Major Li-ion Battery
Form Factors: Cylindrical, Prismatic, and Pouch. All
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[17] Fisher, G., 2021, “Pouch, Cylindrical or Prismatic:
Which Battery Format Will Rule the Market?”
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-which-battery-format-will-rule-the-market.
[18] Waldmann, T., Wilka, M., Kasper, M.,
Fleischhammer, M., and M. Wohlfahrt-Mehrens,
2014, “Temperature dependent ageing mechanisms in
lithium-ion batteries -a post-mortem study,” Journal
of Power Sources 262:129–135, doi.org/10.1016
/j.jpowsour.2014.03.112.
[19] Kong, L. and M. Pecht, 2020, “A look inside your
battery: watching the dendrites grow,” Battery Power,
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online.com/news/a-look-inside-your-battery
-watching-the-dendrites-grow/.
[20] Love, C.T., Baturina, O.A., and K.E. Swider-Lyons,
2015, “Observation of lithium dendrites at ambi-
ent temperature and below,” ECS Electrochemistry
Letters, 4(2)A24-A27, iopscience.iop.org
/article/10.1149/2.0041502eel.
[21] Arora. P., and Z. Zhang, 2004, “Battery Separators,”
Chem. Rev. 2004, 104:4419–4462, pubs.acs.org
/doi/10.1021/cr020738u.
[22] Pham, H.L., Dietz, J.E., Adams, D.E., and N.D.
Sharp, 2013, “Lithium-ion battery cell health moni-
toring using vibration diagnostic test,” Proceedings
of the ASME 2013 International Mechanical
Engineering Congress and Exposition IMECE2013,
REFERENCES
[1] Gleeson, D., 2022, “Sandvik setting the battery
system safety standard in underground mining,”
International Mining, accessed November 14, 2023,
im-mining.com/2022/09/13/sandvik-setting-the
-battery-system-safety-standard-in-underground
-mining/.
[2] Sandvik, n.d., “Technical specifications,” accessed
November 14, 2023, www.rocktechnology.sandvik
/en/download-center/technical-specifications/.
[3] Northvolt, 2019, “Breaking new ground: the
Northvolt-Epiroc partnership,” November 14, 2023,
northvolt.com/articles/breaking-new-ground-the
-northvolt-epiroc-partnership-continues/.
[4] Epiroc, n.d., “Underground electric loaders,”
accessed November 14, 2023, www.epiroc.com/en-us
/products/loaders-and-trucks/electric-loaders.
[5] Northvolt, n.d., “The end of oil begins,” accessed
November 14, 2023, northvolt.com/products/.
[6] Komatsu, n.d., “Mining: Room and pillar,” accessed
November 14, 2023, www.komatsu.com/en/products
/room-and-pillar/?filters=B711CFBC-0068-4982
[7] -A117-B1440F6F397D.
[8] Caterpillar, 2022, “Caterpillar successfully demon-
strates first battery electric large mining truck and
invests in sustainable proving ground,” accessed
November 14, 2023, www.caterpillar.com/en/news
/corporate-press-releases/h/caterpillar-succesfully
-demonstrates-first-battery-electric-large-mining
-truck.html.
[9] Basov, V., 2023, “Mining equipment giant Caterpillar
invests in lithium-ion battery technology company.”
Kitco News, accessed November 14, 2023, www
.kitco.com/news/2023-01-06/Mining-equipment
-giant-Caterpillar-invests-in-lithium-ion-battery
-technology-company.html.
[10] Lithos Energy, n.d., “Lithos High Voltage Battery
Packs,” accessed March 30, 2023, www.lithosenergy
.com/uploads/1/2/1/6/121687396/lithos_high
_voltage_brochure_fin.pdf.
[11] Moore, P., 2021, “Siemens patented all-electric
Mobile Mining Truck based on proven technology,”
International Mining, accessed November 14, 2023,
im-mining.com/2021/11/04/siemens-patented
-electric-mobile-mining-truck-based-proven
-technology/.
[12] Stephens. D., Shawcross, P., Stout, G., Sullivan, E.,
Saunders, J., Risser, S., and J. Sayre, 2017, “Lithium-
ion battery safety issues for electric and plug-in hybrid
vehicles,” Report No. DOT HS 812 418, National
Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Washington,
DC, USA, 261, www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files
/documents/12848-lithiumionsafetyhybrids
_101217-v3-tag.pdf.
[13] McDowall, J., 2008, “Understanding lithium-ion
technology.” Proceedings of Battcon, 1–10, www
.master-instruments.com.au/files/knowledge-centre
/education-and-learning/technical%20articles
/understanding_li_ion_technology___safts_.pdf.
[14] Iraçabal, X., 2021, “Batteries go underground,” SAE
International Truck &Off-highway Engineering,
accessed November 14, 2023, www.sae.org
/news/2021/06/saft-batteries-underground-mining.
[15] Battery University, 2019, “BU-301a: Types of Battery
Cells,” accessed on November 14, 2023, battery
university.com/article/bu-301a-types-of-battery-cells.
[16] Arar, S., 2020, “The Three Major Li-ion Battery
Form Factors: Cylindrical, Prismatic, and Pouch. All
About Circuits, accessed November 14, 2023, www
.allaboutcircuits.com/news/three-major-lithium-ion
-battery-form-factors-cylindrical-prismatic-pouch/.
[17] Fisher, G., 2021, “Pouch, Cylindrical or Prismatic:
Which Battery Format Will Rule the Market?”
Addionics, accessed November 14, 2023, www
.addionics.com/post/pouch-cylindrical-or-prismatic
-which-battery-format-will-rule-the-market.
[18] Waldmann, T., Wilka, M., Kasper, M.,
Fleischhammer, M., and M. Wohlfahrt-Mehrens,
2014, “Temperature dependent ageing mechanisms in
lithium-ion batteries -a post-mortem study,” Journal
of Power Sources 262:129–135, doi.org/10.1016
/j.jpowsour.2014.03.112.
[19] Kong, L. and M. Pecht, 2020, “A look inside your
battery: watching the dendrites grow,” Battery Power,
accessed November 14, 2023, www.batterypower
online.com/news/a-look-inside-your-battery
-watching-the-dendrites-grow/.
[20] Love, C.T., Baturina, O.A., and K.E. Swider-Lyons,
2015, “Observation of lithium dendrites at ambi-
ent temperature and below,” ECS Electrochemistry
Letters, 4(2)A24-A27, iopscience.iop.org
/article/10.1149/2.0041502eel.
[21] Arora. P., and Z. Zhang, 2004, “Battery Separators,”
Chem. Rev. 2004, 104:4419–4462, pubs.acs.org
/doi/10.1021/cr020738u.
[22] Pham, H.L., Dietz, J.E., Adams, D.E., and N.D.
Sharp, 2013, “Lithium-ion battery cell health moni-
toring using vibration diagnostic test,” Proceedings
of the ASME 2013 International Mechanical
Engineering Congress and Exposition IMECE2013,