2
After drying, the cathode was weighed then qualita-
tively assessed by microscopy.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Ten products were evaluated by comparing performance
against guar and against untreated controls. Several prod-
ucts provided benefit while others dramatically aggravated
smoothness and current efficiency. Figure 3 shows good
reproducibility for duplicate control runs and Figure 4
shows the aggressive loss of smoothness and decreased cur-
rent efficiency for an ineffective chemistry.
In contrast, a proprietaray product was evaluated and
compared for smoothness and current efficiency against
guar and untreated controls (Figure 5.)
Figure 6 highlights the substantial reduction in granu-
larity with the new product.
Figure 1. Electrochemical system used to evaluate copper smoothness and current efficiency
Figure 2. Current vs. time during the electrowinning
process. Data fit with commercial software using a hybrid
exponential function
After drying, the cathode was weighed then qualita-
tively assessed by microscopy.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Ten products were evaluated by comparing performance
against guar and against untreated controls. Several prod-
ucts provided benefit while others dramatically aggravated
smoothness and current efficiency. Figure 3 shows good
reproducibility for duplicate control runs and Figure 4
shows the aggressive loss of smoothness and decreased cur-
rent efficiency for an ineffective chemistry.
In contrast, a proprietaray product was evaluated and
compared for smoothness and current efficiency against
guar and untreated controls (Figure 5.)
Figure 6 highlights the substantial reduction in granu-
larity with the new product.
Figure 1. Electrochemical system used to evaluate copper smoothness and current efficiency
Figure 2. Current vs. time during the electrowinning
process. Data fit with commercial software using a hybrid
exponential function