6
it decreases with consecutive characteristic particles Sx. In
general, an impact of Fsp is always higher than impact of
M.
Analysis of the model accuracy, expressed through R2
index, shows that all models describe the phenomenon
between eighty-seven to ninety-five percent. The highest
value for R2 was obtained in models for S20, while the
lowest for S80. On this basis, such models can be used for
precise forecasting of comminution results, especially for
fines content in HPGR products.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
As mentioned in the previous sections, the effects of HPGR
are usually apparent in downstream comminution opera-
tions, which mostly result in lower grinding energy con-
sumption and improvement of beneficiation indices. These
advantages, however, are the direct result of a breakage
intensity in the HPGR and thus a higher liberation degree.
Nevertheless, the operational pressure in HPGR and the
material moisture influence the achieved technological and
energetic results. For the analyzed type of material, the
values of Bond work indices were reduced together with
increasing the pressure and moisture and this relationship
was close to hyperbolic. In the case of the yield of the finest
particle size fraction, the pressure is of a higher impact than
the moisture and it exists in the model in quadratic form.
Models for Sx show in turn that Fsp has a positive impact
on comminution ratios, with the most favorable and accu-
rate modeling results achieved for S20.
Practical implementation of these models may help to
achieve better technological results, like the level of use-
ful mineral recovery. The recovery, however, is closely con-
nected with the level of liberation degree and the latter is
in relationship with the material breakage intensity. The
models are helpful in more precise prediction and control
of the product particle size composition, but in the pre-
sented form they cannot be extrapolated beyond the range
of regular operational conditions resulting from technolog-
ical regimes. For example, insufficient operational pressure
in HPGR results in very low comminution intensity, while
too excessive moisture affects the throughput and breakage
due to the material slip.
The main effect of the paper is to show the potential
impact of the investigated parameters on selected techno-
logical and economic effects. The models are not unique
for all types of analyzed material, and the coefficients will
be different for various tested materials. However, the func-
tional form of the model should be the same, and only
values of coefficients need to be recalculated. It was con-
firmed in similar investigative programmes, in example, for
crushing of copper ore in HPGR. On the other hand more
advanced programmes may contribute to work out more
general and more accurate models of HPGR operation.
Article is an effect of realization of project 101091885 „A
Holistic Digital Mine 4.0 Ecosystem,” (acronym mine.io),
financed through European Health and Digital Executive
Agency within the frames of HORIZON Innovation Actions,
action: HORIZON-CL4-2022-RESILIENCE-01-06.
REFERENCES
Abouzeid, A.Z. and Fuerstenau, D.W. (2009), “Grinding
of mineral mixtures in high-pressure grinding rolls.”
International Journal of Mineral Processing, 93(1),
pp. 59–65.
Aminalroaya, A. and Pourghahramani, P. (2022), “The
Effect of Feed Characteristics on Particles Breakage
and Weakening Behavior in High Pressure Grinding
Rolls (HPGR).” Mineral Processing and Extractive
Metallurgy Review, 43(5), 610–621.
Atmaca, A. and Kanoglu, M. (2012), “Reducing Energy
consumption of a raw mill in cement industry.,”
Energy, 42 (1).
Aydogan, N.M., Ergun, L. and Benzer, H. (2006), “High
pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) applications in the
cement industry.” Minerals Engineering, 19(2),
pp. 130–139.
Benzer, H., Aydogan N.A. and Dündar H. (2011),
“Investigation of the breakage of hard and soft com-
ponents under high compression: HPGR application.”
Minerals Engineering, 24(3–4), 303–307.
Fuerstenau, D.W. and Abouzeid, A.-Z.M. (2007), “Role
of feed moisture in high-pressure roll mill comminu-
tion.,” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 82,
203–210.
Legendre, D. and Zevenhoven, R. (2014), “Assessing the
energy efficiency of a jaw crusher“, Energy, 74.
Morrell, S. (2009), “Predicting the overall specific energy
requirement of crushing, high pressure grinding roll
and tumbling mill circuits.” Minerals Engineering, 22,
pp. 544–549.
Numbi, B. P. and Xia X. (2015), “Systems optimization
model for energy management of a parallel HPGR
crushing process.,” Applied Energy 149, 133–147.
Pamparana, G. and B. Klein (2021). “A methodology to
predict the HPGR operational gap by using piston
press tests.” Minerals Engineering 166.
it decreases with consecutive characteristic particles Sx. In
general, an impact of Fsp is always higher than impact of
M.
Analysis of the model accuracy, expressed through R2
index, shows that all models describe the phenomenon
between eighty-seven to ninety-five percent. The highest
value for R2 was obtained in models for S20, while the
lowest for S80. On this basis, such models can be used for
precise forecasting of comminution results, especially for
fines content in HPGR products.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
As mentioned in the previous sections, the effects of HPGR
are usually apparent in downstream comminution opera-
tions, which mostly result in lower grinding energy con-
sumption and improvement of beneficiation indices. These
advantages, however, are the direct result of a breakage
intensity in the HPGR and thus a higher liberation degree.
Nevertheless, the operational pressure in HPGR and the
material moisture influence the achieved technological and
energetic results. For the analyzed type of material, the
values of Bond work indices were reduced together with
increasing the pressure and moisture and this relationship
was close to hyperbolic. In the case of the yield of the finest
particle size fraction, the pressure is of a higher impact than
the moisture and it exists in the model in quadratic form.
Models for Sx show in turn that Fsp has a positive impact
on comminution ratios, with the most favorable and accu-
rate modeling results achieved for S20.
Practical implementation of these models may help to
achieve better technological results, like the level of use-
ful mineral recovery. The recovery, however, is closely con-
nected with the level of liberation degree and the latter is
in relationship with the material breakage intensity. The
models are helpful in more precise prediction and control
of the product particle size composition, but in the pre-
sented form they cannot be extrapolated beyond the range
of regular operational conditions resulting from technolog-
ical regimes. For example, insufficient operational pressure
in HPGR results in very low comminution intensity, while
too excessive moisture affects the throughput and breakage
due to the material slip.
The main effect of the paper is to show the potential
impact of the investigated parameters on selected techno-
logical and economic effects. The models are not unique
for all types of analyzed material, and the coefficients will
be different for various tested materials. However, the func-
tional form of the model should be the same, and only
values of coefficients need to be recalculated. It was con-
firmed in similar investigative programmes, in example, for
crushing of copper ore in HPGR. On the other hand more
advanced programmes may contribute to work out more
general and more accurate models of HPGR operation.
Article is an effect of realization of project 101091885 „A
Holistic Digital Mine 4.0 Ecosystem,” (acronym mine.io),
financed through European Health and Digital Executive
Agency within the frames of HORIZON Innovation Actions,
action: HORIZON-CL4-2022-RESILIENCE-01-06.
REFERENCES
Abouzeid, A.Z. and Fuerstenau, D.W. (2009), “Grinding
of mineral mixtures in high-pressure grinding rolls.”
International Journal of Mineral Processing, 93(1),
pp. 59–65.
Aminalroaya, A. and Pourghahramani, P. (2022), “The
Effect of Feed Characteristics on Particles Breakage
and Weakening Behavior in High Pressure Grinding
Rolls (HPGR).” Mineral Processing and Extractive
Metallurgy Review, 43(5), 610–621.
Atmaca, A. and Kanoglu, M. (2012), “Reducing Energy
consumption of a raw mill in cement industry.,”
Energy, 42 (1).
Aydogan, N.M., Ergun, L. and Benzer, H. (2006), “High
pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) applications in the
cement industry.” Minerals Engineering, 19(2),
pp. 130–139.
Benzer, H., Aydogan N.A. and Dündar H. (2011),
“Investigation of the breakage of hard and soft com-
ponents under high compression: HPGR application.”
Minerals Engineering, 24(3–4), 303–307.
Fuerstenau, D.W. and Abouzeid, A.-Z.M. (2007), “Role
of feed moisture in high-pressure roll mill comminu-
tion.,” International Journal of Mineral Processing, 82,
203–210.
Legendre, D. and Zevenhoven, R. (2014), “Assessing the
energy efficiency of a jaw crusher“, Energy, 74.
Morrell, S. (2009), “Predicting the overall specific energy
requirement of crushing, high pressure grinding roll
and tumbling mill circuits.” Minerals Engineering, 22,
pp. 544–549.
Numbi, B. P. and Xia X. (2015), “Systems optimization
model for energy management of a parallel HPGR
crushing process.,” Applied Energy 149, 133–147.
Pamparana, G. and B. Klein (2021). “A methodology to
predict the HPGR operational gap by using piston
press tests.” Minerals Engineering 166.