4
APPENDIX I
Table 1. Concentration of trace elements (ppm, except where noted) within the upper continental crust –
compiled from Rudnick and Gao (2003), Hu and Gao (2008), and Park et al. (2012)
Element
(ppm,
unless
noted)
Shaw et al.
(1967,
1976)
Eade and
Fahrig
(1973)
Condie
(1993)
Gao et al.
(1998)
Sims et
al. (1990)
Plank and
Langmuir
(1998)
Peucker-
Eherenbrink
and Jahn
(2001)
Taylor and
McLennan
(1985, 1995)
Wedepohl
(1995)
Rudnick
and Gao
(2003)
Hu and
Gao (2008)
Park et
al. (2012)
Recommended
values (ppm)
Li 22 20 20 21 41 41
Be 1.3 1.95 3 3.1 2.1 1.9 1.9
B 9.2 28 15 17 17 47 47
N 83 83 83
F 500 561 611 557 557
S 600 309 953 621 621
Cl 100 142 640 370 370
Sc 7 12 13.4 15 13.6 14 14
V 53 59 86 98 107 97 106 106
Cr 35 76 112 80 85 92 73 73
Co 12 18 17 17 17.3 15 15
Ni 19 19 60 38 44 47 34 34
Cu 14 26 32 25 28 27 27
Zn 52 60 70 71 67 75 75
Ga 14 18 17 17.5 18.6 18.6
Ge 1.34 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3
As 4.4 5.1 1.5 2 4.8 5.7 5.7
Se 0.15 0.05 0.083 0.09 0.09
Br 1.6 1.6 1.6
Rb 110 85 83 82 112 110 84 94 94
Sr 316 380 289 266 350 320 320
Y 21 21 24 17.4 22 21 21
Zr 237 190 160 188 190 193 193
Nb 26 9.8 12 13.7 12 12 11.6 11.6
Mo 0.78 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.6
Ru (ppb) 0.34 0.34 0.03 0.000003
Rh (ppb) 0.018 0.0000018
Pd (ppb) 1.46 0.52 0.5 0.52 0.526 0.0000526
Ag (ppb) 55 50 55 53 0.0053
Cd 0.075 0.079 0.098 0.102 0.09 0.06 0.06
In 0.05 0.061 0.056 0.066 0.066
Sn 1.73 5.5 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.2
Sb 0.3 0.45 0.2 0.31 0.4 0.075 0.075
Te 0.027 0.027
I 1.4 1.4 1.4
Cs 3.55 7.3 4.6 5.8 4.9 4.9
Ba 1070 730 633 678 550 668 624 624
La 32.3 71 28.4 34.8 30 31 31
Ce 65.6 57.5 66.4 64 63 63
Pr 7.1 6.3 7.1 7.1
Nd 25.9 25.6 30.4 26 27 27
Sm 4.61 4.59 5.09 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7
Eu 0.937 1.05 1.21 0.88 0.95 1 1
Gd 4.21 3.8 2.8 4 4
Tb 0.481 0.66 0.82 0.64 0.7 0.7
Dy 2.9 3.5 3.9 3.9
Ho 0.62 0.8 0.83 0.83
Er 2.3 2.3 2.3
Tm 0.33 0.3 0.37 0.37
Yb 1.47 1.91 2.26 2.2 2 2.34 2.34
Lu 0.233 0.32 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.36 0.36
Hf 5.8 4.3 5.12 5.8 5.3 5.3
Ta 5.7 0.79 0.74 0.96 1 1.5 0.9 0.92 0.92
W 0.91 3.3 2 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.4
Re (ppb) 0.198 0.4 0.198 0.0000198
Os (ppb) 0.031 0.05 0.031 0.0000031
Ir (ppb) 0.02 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.0000022
Pt (ppb) 0.51 0.5 0.599 0.0000599
Au (ppb) 1.81 1.24 1.5 0.00015
Hg 0.096 0.0123 0.056 0.05 0.05
Tl 0.524 1.55 0.75 0.75 0.9 0.55 0.55
Pb 17 18 17 18 17 17 17 17
Bi 0.035 0.23 0.13 0.123 0.16 0.23 0.23
Th 10.3 10.8 8.6 8.95 10.7 10.5 10.5
U 2.45 1.5 2.2 1.55 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6
APPENDIX I
Table 1. Concentration of trace elements (ppm, except where noted) within the upper continental crust –
compiled from Rudnick and Gao (2003), Hu and Gao (2008), and Park et al. (2012)
Element
(ppm,
unless
noted)
Shaw et al.
(1967,
1976)
Eade and
Fahrig
(1973)
Condie
(1993)
Gao et al.
(1998)
Sims et
al. (1990)
Plank and
Langmuir
(1998)
Peucker-
Eherenbrink
and Jahn
(2001)
Taylor and
McLennan
(1985, 1995)
Wedepohl
(1995)
Rudnick
and Gao
(2003)
Hu and
Gao (2008)
Park et
al. (2012)
Recommended
values (ppm)
Li 22 20 20 21 41 41
Be 1.3 1.95 3 3.1 2.1 1.9 1.9
B 9.2 28 15 17 17 47 47
N 83 83 83
F 500 561 611 557 557
S 600 309 953 621 621
Cl 100 142 640 370 370
Sc 7 12 13.4 15 13.6 14 14
V 53 59 86 98 107 97 106 106
Cr 35 76 112 80 85 92 73 73
Co 12 18 17 17 17.3 15 15
Ni 19 19 60 38 44 47 34 34
Cu 14 26 32 25 28 27 27
Zn 52 60 70 71 67 75 75
Ga 14 18 17 17.5 18.6 18.6
Ge 1.34 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3
As 4.4 5.1 1.5 2 4.8 5.7 5.7
Se 0.15 0.05 0.083 0.09 0.09
Br 1.6 1.6 1.6
Rb 110 85 83 82 112 110 84 94 94
Sr 316 380 289 266 350 320 320
Y 21 21 24 17.4 22 21 21
Zr 237 190 160 188 190 193 193
Nb 26 9.8 12 13.7 12 12 11.6 11.6
Mo 0.78 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.1 0.6 0.6
Ru (ppb) 0.34 0.34 0.03 0.000003
Rh (ppb) 0.018 0.0000018
Pd (ppb) 1.46 0.52 0.5 0.52 0.526 0.0000526
Ag (ppb) 55 50 55 53 0.0053
Cd 0.075 0.079 0.098 0.102 0.09 0.06 0.06
In 0.05 0.061 0.056 0.066 0.066
Sn 1.73 5.5 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.2
Sb 0.3 0.45 0.2 0.31 0.4 0.075 0.075
Te 0.027 0.027
I 1.4 1.4 1.4
Cs 3.55 7.3 4.6 5.8 4.9 4.9
Ba 1070 730 633 678 550 668 624 624
La 32.3 71 28.4 34.8 30 31 31
Ce 65.6 57.5 66.4 64 63 63
Pr 7.1 6.3 7.1 7.1
Nd 25.9 25.6 30.4 26 27 27
Sm 4.61 4.59 5.09 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.7
Eu 0.937 1.05 1.21 0.88 0.95 1 1
Gd 4.21 3.8 2.8 4 4
Tb 0.481 0.66 0.82 0.64 0.7 0.7
Dy 2.9 3.5 3.9 3.9
Ho 0.62 0.8 0.83 0.83
Er 2.3 2.3 2.3
Tm 0.33 0.3 0.37 0.37
Yb 1.47 1.91 2.26 2.2 2 2.34 2.34
Lu 0.233 0.32 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.36 0.36
Hf 5.8 4.3 5.12 5.8 5.3 5.3
Ta 5.7 0.79 0.74 0.96 1 1.5 0.9 0.92 0.92
W 0.91 3.3 2 1.4 1.9 1.4 1.4
Re (ppb) 0.198 0.4 0.198 0.0000198
Os (ppb) 0.031 0.05 0.031 0.0000031
Ir (ppb) 0.02 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.0000022
Pt (ppb) 0.51 0.5 0.599 0.0000599
Au (ppb) 1.81 1.24 1.5 0.00015
Hg 0.096 0.0123 0.056 0.05 0.05
Tl 0.524 1.55 0.75 0.75 0.9 0.55 0.55
Pb 17 18 17 18 17 17 17 17
Bi 0.035 0.23 0.13 0.123 0.16 0.23 0.23
Th 10.3 10.8 8.6 8.95 10.7 10.5 10.5
U 2.45 1.5 2.2 1.55 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6