7
The cores are continuous over the entire length and show
only fractures caused by the rock. During the first drilling
campaign, the measurement data was used to generate a
continuous and uniform drilling progress, which not only
resulted in a better result, but also protected the machine
and, above all, the drill bit.
The initial use of the measurement system was lim-
ited to real-time display of measurement data. The rock
identification and predictive maintenance algorithms are
still under development. The measurement data that will
be generated over the next few months will be needed to
develop these AI-based algorithms.
Figure 7 shows the data from the first hole. The fifth cut
with a total length of 300 mm and a borehole depth from
1200 mm to 1500 mm can be seen. The speed and associ-
ated pressure in the hydraulic system of the rotary unit are
approximately constant over the length. The penetration
rate varies slightly and the associated pressure increases with
the drilling depth. As the hydraulic pressure on the feed
unit increases, the penetration rate also increases.
Figure 8 shows the measured accelerations in the X, Y
and Z directions. Almost constant accelerations can be seen
over the length of the drill hole. A maximum average accel-
eration of 20 to 25 m/s2 can be seen. These measured accel-
erations are unsuitable for the sensor’s maximum measuring
range of 1470 m/s2, resulting in a significantly increased
error. The sensor should be replaced with an acceleration
sensor with a suitable measuring range.
CONCLUSION
Sensor installation and data acquisition requirements have
been met and data has been collected. The available drill
data is from the first 1.5 meters of the first hole. This data
shows that the measurement system and data acquisition
are functioning properly and that the measurement data
can be subsequently analyzed. Conclusions about the
behavior of the drill rig in different rock types or differ-
ent levels of drill bit wear cannot be drawn at this time.
More drill data, which will be generated over the next few
weeks, will be required for a more accurate evaluation. The
ore body and the surrounding rock (gneiss) of the FLB are
being drilled to generate data for training the AI-based
algorithms. The first drilling campaign has been completed
with a drill bit that is approximately 50% utilized. Over the
next few weeks, drill bits with varying degrees of wear and
broken teeth will also be used to collect data for training the
predictive maintenance algorithms. As a result of the first
measurement, it was determined that the measuring range
of the acceleration sensors is not suitable for the application
and that these sensors should be replaced before the next
measurement data is recorded. The replacement is an Ifm
VSA004 with a maximum measurable acceleration of 245
m/s2. The connection to the Mine.io ecosystem is pend-
ing and is the next step in the project. The full integration
into the Mine.io platform is necessary to automate the data
analysis of the project partners and to take the step towards
Mine 4.0.
7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300
0
500
1000
1500
Borehole length in mm
Rotational speed in rpm
7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300
Time in s
0
50
100
150
200 Penetration rate in mm/min
Hydraulic pressure feed unit in bar
Hydraulic pressure rotation unit in bar
Figure 7. Measurement data of the first borehole at the fifth
drill cut. (Friedemann, 2024)
7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300
Time in s
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
X
Y
Z
Figure 8. Acceleration data of the first borehole at the fifth
drill cut. (Friedemann, 2024)
Acceleration
in
m/s²
The cores are continuous over the entire length and show
only fractures caused by the rock. During the first drilling
campaign, the measurement data was used to generate a
continuous and uniform drilling progress, which not only
resulted in a better result, but also protected the machine
and, above all, the drill bit.
The initial use of the measurement system was lim-
ited to real-time display of measurement data. The rock
identification and predictive maintenance algorithms are
still under development. The measurement data that will
be generated over the next few months will be needed to
develop these AI-based algorithms.
Figure 7 shows the data from the first hole. The fifth cut
with a total length of 300 mm and a borehole depth from
1200 mm to 1500 mm can be seen. The speed and associ-
ated pressure in the hydraulic system of the rotary unit are
approximately constant over the length. The penetration
rate varies slightly and the associated pressure increases with
the drilling depth. As the hydraulic pressure on the feed
unit increases, the penetration rate also increases.
Figure 8 shows the measured accelerations in the X, Y
and Z directions. Almost constant accelerations can be seen
over the length of the drill hole. A maximum average accel-
eration of 20 to 25 m/s2 can be seen. These measured accel-
erations are unsuitable for the sensor’s maximum measuring
range of 1470 m/s2, resulting in a significantly increased
error. The sensor should be replaced with an acceleration
sensor with a suitable measuring range.
CONCLUSION
Sensor installation and data acquisition requirements have
been met and data has been collected. The available drill
data is from the first 1.5 meters of the first hole. This data
shows that the measurement system and data acquisition
are functioning properly and that the measurement data
can be subsequently analyzed. Conclusions about the
behavior of the drill rig in different rock types or differ-
ent levels of drill bit wear cannot be drawn at this time.
More drill data, which will be generated over the next few
weeks, will be required for a more accurate evaluation. The
ore body and the surrounding rock (gneiss) of the FLB are
being drilled to generate data for training the AI-based
algorithms. The first drilling campaign has been completed
with a drill bit that is approximately 50% utilized. Over the
next few weeks, drill bits with varying degrees of wear and
broken teeth will also be used to collect data for training the
predictive maintenance algorithms. As a result of the first
measurement, it was determined that the measuring range
of the acceleration sensors is not suitable for the application
and that these sensors should be replaced before the next
measurement data is recorded. The replacement is an Ifm
VSA004 with a maximum measurable acceleration of 245
m/s2. The connection to the Mine.io ecosystem is pend-
ing and is the next step in the project. The full integration
into the Mine.io platform is necessary to automate the data
analysis of the project partners and to take the step towards
Mine 4.0.
7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300
0
500
1000
1500
Borehole length in mm
Rotational speed in rpm
7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300
Time in s
0
50
100
150
200 Penetration rate in mm/min
Hydraulic pressure feed unit in bar
Hydraulic pressure rotation unit in bar
Figure 7. Measurement data of the first borehole at the fifth
drill cut. (Friedemann, 2024)
7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300
Time in s
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
X
Y
Z
Figure 8. Acceleration data of the first borehole at the fifth
drill cut. (Friedemann, 2024)
Acceleration
in
m/s²