3
Figure 2. Three critical factors for high-quality shotcrete, partially adopted from EFNARC
(2022) as the designer’s expectations for shotcrete application
Figure 3. Preliminary observations of (a) shotcrete spraying technique, machine, and area
preparation and (b) early strength penetrometer test
Figure 2. Three critical factors for high-quality shotcrete, partially adopted from EFNARC
(2022) as the designer’s expectations for shotcrete application
Figure 3. Preliminary observations of (a) shotcrete spraying technique, machine, and area
preparation and (b) early strength penetrometer test