14
material properties, stress distributions, and other input
data could affect the precision of the model predictions.
Therefore, the findings should be interpreted within the
context of these limitations, and caution should be exer-
cised when generalizing the results to other mining opera-
tions or geological settings.
DISCLAIMER
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of
the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official
position of the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Mention of any company or product does not constitute
endorsement by NIOSH.
REFERENCES
[1] Agapito, J. F. T., &Gilbride, L. J. (2002). Horizontal
Stresses as Indicators of Roof Stability. Proceedings
of the 2002 SME Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona,
February 25–27. Society for Mining, Metallurgy &
Exploration.
[2] Chen, H. J. (1999) Stress Analysis in Longwall Entry
Roof under High Horizontal Stress, Ph.D. disserta-
tion, West Virginia University, pp 278.
[3] Esterhuizen, G. S., &Iannacchione, A. T. (2005).
Effect of the dip and excavation orientation on roof
stability in moderately dipping stone mine workings.
In Proceedings of the 40th U.S. Symposium on Rock
Mechanics (USRMS), Anchorage, AK, USA, 25–29
June 2005.
[4] Evanek, N., Iannacchione, A., and Miller, T. (2020).
Controlling Crosscut Damage in Response to
Excessive Levels of Horizontal Stress: Case Study at
The Subtropolis Mine, Petersburg, OH. SME Annual
Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, February 23–26. Society
for Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration.
[5] Evanek, N., Rashed, G., Miller, T., Yeley, A., Klemetti,
T. (2024) Principal Horizontal Stress Contributing to
Massive Roof Collapse at the Subtropolis Mine. SME
Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, February 25–28.
Society for Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration.
[6] Gadde, M. M., and Peng, S. S. (2005) Numerical
simulation of cutter roof failures under weak roof
conditions, SME annual meeting 2005, Salt Lake
City, Utah.
[7] Gale, W. J., and Blackwood, R. W. (1987) Stress dis-
tributions and rock failure around coal mine road-
ways, International Journal of Rock Mechanics,
Mining Science and Geomechanics, Vol. 24, No.3,
pp 165–173.
[8] Goodman, R. E. (1989). Introduction to Rock
Mechanics (2nd ed.). John Wiley &Sons.
[9] Iannacchione, A. T., Dolinar, D. R., &Mucho,
T. P. (2002). High Stress Mining Under Shallow
Overburden in Underground U.S. Intern. Seminar
of Deep and High Stress Mining, Australian Centre
for Geomechanics, Section 32, Perth, Australia, Nov.
6–8, 2002, pp. 1–11.
[10] Iannacchione, A., Miller, T., Esterhuizen, G., Slaker,
B., Murphy, M., Cope, N., and Thayer, S. (2020).
Evaluation of stress-control layout at the Subtropolis
Mine, Petersburg, Ohio, International Journal of
Mining Science and Technology, Volume 30, Issue 1.
[11] Iannacchione, A.T., Dolinar, D.R., Prosser, L.J.,
Marshall, T.E., Oyler, D.C., &Compton, C.S.
(1998). Controlling Roof Beam Failures from High
Horizontal Stresses in Underground Stone Mines.
In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference
on Ground Control in Mining. Morgantown, WV:
University of West Virginia, pp. 102–112.
[12] Iannacchione, A.T. Marshall, Thomas E. Prosser,
Leonard J. 2001. Failure Characteristics of Roof Falls
at An Underground Stone Mine In Southwestern
Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the 20th International
Conference on Ground Control in Mining, August
7–9, 2001, Morgantown, West Virginia. Peng SS,
Mark C, Khair AW, eds., Morgantown, WV: West
Virginia University, 2001 Aug :119–125.
[13] Jaeger, J.C., Cook, N.G.W., &Zimmerman, R.W.
(2007). Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics (4th
ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN:
978-0632057597.
[14] Jeremic, M. L. (1981) Coal Mine Roadway Stability
in Relation to Lateral Tectonic Stress-Western Canada,
Mining Engineering, pp 704–709.
[15] Mark, C., &Gadde, M. (2010). Global trends
in coal mine horizontal stress measurements. In
N. Aziz (Ed.), 10th Underground Coal Operators’
Conference (pp. 21–39). University of Wollongong &
Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
[16] Mine Data Retrieval system. (2023). Mine Safety and
Health Administration. Mine Data Retrieval System
|Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA).
[17] Mogi, K. (2007). Experimental Rock Mechanics.
London: Taylor &Francis. ISBN: 978-0415391031.
[18] Mucho, T. P., and Mark, C. (1994) Determining
Horizontal Stress Direction Using Stress Mapping
Technique, Proceeding of 13th International
Conference on Ground Control in Mining, West
material properties, stress distributions, and other input
data could affect the precision of the model predictions.
Therefore, the findings should be interpreted within the
context of these limitations, and caution should be exer-
cised when generalizing the results to other mining opera-
tions or geological settings.
DISCLAIMER
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of
the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official
position of the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Mention of any company or product does not constitute
endorsement by NIOSH.
REFERENCES
[1] Agapito, J. F. T., &Gilbride, L. J. (2002). Horizontal
Stresses as Indicators of Roof Stability. Proceedings
of the 2002 SME Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona,
February 25–27. Society for Mining, Metallurgy &
Exploration.
[2] Chen, H. J. (1999) Stress Analysis in Longwall Entry
Roof under High Horizontal Stress, Ph.D. disserta-
tion, West Virginia University, pp 278.
[3] Esterhuizen, G. S., &Iannacchione, A. T. (2005).
Effect of the dip and excavation orientation on roof
stability in moderately dipping stone mine workings.
In Proceedings of the 40th U.S. Symposium on Rock
Mechanics (USRMS), Anchorage, AK, USA, 25–29
June 2005.
[4] Evanek, N., Iannacchione, A., and Miller, T. (2020).
Controlling Crosscut Damage in Response to
Excessive Levels of Horizontal Stress: Case Study at
The Subtropolis Mine, Petersburg, OH. SME Annual
Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, February 23–26. Society
for Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration.
[5] Evanek, N., Rashed, G., Miller, T., Yeley, A., Klemetti,
T. (2024) Principal Horizontal Stress Contributing to
Massive Roof Collapse at the Subtropolis Mine. SME
Annual Meeting, Phoenix, Arizona, February 25–28.
Society for Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration.
[6] Gadde, M. M., and Peng, S. S. (2005) Numerical
simulation of cutter roof failures under weak roof
conditions, SME annual meeting 2005, Salt Lake
City, Utah.
[7] Gale, W. J., and Blackwood, R. W. (1987) Stress dis-
tributions and rock failure around coal mine road-
ways, International Journal of Rock Mechanics,
Mining Science and Geomechanics, Vol. 24, No.3,
pp 165–173.
[8] Goodman, R. E. (1989). Introduction to Rock
Mechanics (2nd ed.). John Wiley &Sons.
[9] Iannacchione, A. T., Dolinar, D. R., &Mucho,
T. P. (2002). High Stress Mining Under Shallow
Overburden in Underground U.S. Intern. Seminar
of Deep and High Stress Mining, Australian Centre
for Geomechanics, Section 32, Perth, Australia, Nov.
6–8, 2002, pp. 1–11.
[10] Iannacchione, A., Miller, T., Esterhuizen, G., Slaker,
B., Murphy, M., Cope, N., and Thayer, S. (2020).
Evaluation of stress-control layout at the Subtropolis
Mine, Petersburg, Ohio, International Journal of
Mining Science and Technology, Volume 30, Issue 1.
[11] Iannacchione, A.T., Dolinar, D.R., Prosser, L.J.,
Marshall, T.E., Oyler, D.C., &Compton, C.S.
(1998). Controlling Roof Beam Failures from High
Horizontal Stresses in Underground Stone Mines.
In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference
on Ground Control in Mining. Morgantown, WV:
University of West Virginia, pp. 102–112.
[12] Iannacchione, A.T. Marshall, Thomas E. Prosser,
Leonard J. 2001. Failure Characteristics of Roof Falls
at An Underground Stone Mine In Southwestern
Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the 20th International
Conference on Ground Control in Mining, August
7–9, 2001, Morgantown, West Virginia. Peng SS,
Mark C, Khair AW, eds., Morgantown, WV: West
Virginia University, 2001 Aug :119–125.
[13] Jaeger, J.C., Cook, N.G.W., &Zimmerman, R.W.
(2007). Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics (4th
ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN:
978-0632057597.
[14] Jeremic, M. L. (1981) Coal Mine Roadway Stability
in Relation to Lateral Tectonic Stress-Western Canada,
Mining Engineering, pp 704–709.
[15] Mark, C., &Gadde, M. (2010). Global trends
in coal mine horizontal stress measurements. In
N. Aziz (Ed.), 10th Underground Coal Operators’
Conference (pp. 21–39). University of Wollongong &
Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
[16] Mine Data Retrieval system. (2023). Mine Safety and
Health Administration. Mine Data Retrieval System
|Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA).
[17] Mogi, K. (2007). Experimental Rock Mechanics.
London: Taylor &Francis. ISBN: 978-0415391031.
[18] Mucho, T. P., and Mark, C. (1994) Determining
Horizontal Stress Direction Using Stress Mapping
Technique, Proceeding of 13th International
Conference on Ground Control in Mining, West