7
Future research should expand this analysis’ scope to
include different mines with varying geological conditions
and mining depths. Advanced numerical modeling incor-
porating a broader range of variables—such as dynamic
loading conditions, multi-seam interactions, and more
detailed material properties—would further improve our
understanding of pillar behavior. Additionally, real-time in-
field monitoring of stress and deformation during longwall
mining could provide valuable data to refine and validate
computational models like LaModel.
Finally, while the 3-Entry Y-Y layout shows promise
in reducing stress concentrations and improving pillar sta-
bility, continuous monitoring and performance assessment
will ensure its long-term success. Future research should
also explore potential optimizations to this design, particu-
larly concerning inter-panel barrier dimensions and pillar
yield properties, to further enhance its effectiveness in man-
aging underground stresses.
DISCLAIMER
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the official
position of the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). Mention of any company or product
does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH.
REFERENCES
Barron, L.R., DeMarco, M.J., and Kneisley, R.O. (1994).
“Longwall Gate Road Stability in Four Deep Western
U.S. Coal Mines.” Information Circular 9406, U.S.
Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior.
Heasley, K.A. (1998). “Numerical Modeling of Coal
Mines with a Laminated Displacement-Discontinuity
Code.” Ph.D. Dissertation. Colorado School of Mines,
Golden, CO.
Heasley K. (2008). “Some Thoughts on Calibrating
LaModel.” In Proceedings of the 27th International
Conference on Ground Control in Mining.
Morgantown WV.
Mark C. (1992). “Analysis of Longwall Pillar Stability
(ALPS): An Update.” In Proceedings of the International
Workshop on Coal Pillar Mechanics and Design, U.S.
Bureau of Mines IC 9315. pp. 78–93.
Mark C. (2010). “Pillar Design for Deep Cover Retreat
Mining: ARMPS version 6 (2010).” In Proceedings
of the 3rd International Workshop on Coal Pillar
Mechanics and Design. pp. 106–121.
Mark C. and Agioutantis Z. (2018). “Analysis of Coal
Pillar and Entry Stability (ACPS): A New Generation
of Pillar Design.” In Proceedings of the 37th
International Conference on Ground Control in
Mining. Morgantown WV. pp. 1–6.
Mark, C. and Barton, T. (1988). “Field Evaluation of Yield
Pillar Systems at Kentucky Longwall Headgate.” In
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on
Ground Control in Mining. Morgantown, WV.
Future research should expand this analysis’ scope to
include different mines with varying geological conditions
and mining depths. Advanced numerical modeling incor-
porating a broader range of variables—such as dynamic
loading conditions, multi-seam interactions, and more
detailed material properties—would further improve our
understanding of pillar behavior. Additionally, real-time in-
field monitoring of stress and deformation during longwall
mining could provide valuable data to refine and validate
computational models like LaModel.
Finally, while the 3-Entry Y-Y layout shows promise
in reducing stress concentrations and improving pillar sta-
bility, continuous monitoring and performance assessment
will ensure its long-term success. Future research should
also explore potential optimizations to this design, particu-
larly concerning inter-panel barrier dimensions and pillar
yield properties, to further enhance its effectiveness in man-
aging underground stresses.
DISCLAIMER
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of
the authors and do not necessarily represent the official
position of the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC). Mention of any company or product
does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH.
REFERENCES
Barron, L.R., DeMarco, M.J., and Kneisley, R.O. (1994).
“Longwall Gate Road Stability in Four Deep Western
U.S. Coal Mines.” Information Circular 9406, U.S.
Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior.
Heasley, K.A. (1998). “Numerical Modeling of Coal
Mines with a Laminated Displacement-Discontinuity
Code.” Ph.D. Dissertation. Colorado School of Mines,
Golden, CO.
Heasley K. (2008). “Some Thoughts on Calibrating
LaModel.” In Proceedings of the 27th International
Conference on Ground Control in Mining.
Morgantown WV.
Mark C. (1992). “Analysis of Longwall Pillar Stability
(ALPS): An Update.” In Proceedings of the International
Workshop on Coal Pillar Mechanics and Design, U.S.
Bureau of Mines IC 9315. pp. 78–93.
Mark C. (2010). “Pillar Design for Deep Cover Retreat
Mining: ARMPS version 6 (2010).” In Proceedings
of the 3rd International Workshop on Coal Pillar
Mechanics and Design. pp. 106–121.
Mark C. and Agioutantis Z. (2018). “Analysis of Coal
Pillar and Entry Stability (ACPS): A New Generation
of Pillar Design.” In Proceedings of the 37th
International Conference on Ground Control in
Mining. Morgantown WV. pp. 1–6.
Mark, C. and Barton, T. (1988). “Field Evaluation of Yield
Pillar Systems at Kentucky Longwall Headgate.” In
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on
Ground Control in Mining. Morgantown, WV.