15
Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 144:104810.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104810.
[22] Singh AK, Ram S, Kumar A, Waclawik P, Kukutsch
R (2024), “Stability study of coal pillars due to
induced stress driven spalling during development
and mechanised depillaring at different depths of
cover,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal (ja). https://
doi.org/10.1139/cgj‑2024-0114.
[23] Kumar A, Waclawik P, Singh R, Ram S, Korbel J
(2019), “Performance of a coal pillar at deeper cover:
Field and simulation studies,” International journal
of rock mechanics and mining sciences 113:322–332.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.10.006.
[24] Waclawik P, Ptacek J, Konicek P, Kukutsch R,
Nemcik, J (2016), “Stress-state monitoring of coal
pillars during room and pillar extraction,” Journal
of Sustainable Mining 15(2):49–56. https://doi
.org/10.1016/j.jsm.2016.06.002.
[25] Jaiswal A, Shrivastva BK (2009), “Numerical simu-
lation of coal pillar strength,” International Journal
of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 46(4):779–
788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.11.003.
[26] Singh R, Mandal PK, Singh AK, Kumar R, Sinha
A (2008), “Optimal underground extraction of coal
at shallow cover beneath surface/subsurface objects:
Indian practices,” Rock mechanics and rock engineer-
ing 41:421–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603
-007-0149-4.
[27] Sun W, Zhang Q, Luan Y, Zhang XP (2018), “A
study of surface subsidence and coal pillar safety
for strip mining in a deep mine,” Environmental
Earth Sciences 77:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007
/s12665-018-7810-y.
[28] Poulsen BA (2010), “Coal pillar load calculation
by pressure arch theory and near field extraction
ratio,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics
and Mining Sciences 47(7):1158–1165. https://doi
.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.06.011.
[29] Kumar S, Sinha RK, Jawed M, Murmu S (2024),
“Assessment of coal pillar strength under the influence
of sand stowing in deep coal mines,” Geotechnical and
Geological Engineering 42(4):2815–2831. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02707-y.
[30] Sheorey PR (1992), “Pillar strength considering in-
situ stress, in: Proceedings of the workshop on coal
pillar mechanics and design,” Santa Fe, Ed. A.T.
USBM IC 9315:122–127.
[31] Bunting D (1911), “Chamber pillars in deep anthra-
cite mines,” Trans AIME 42:236–245.
[32] Madden BJ (1991), “A re-assessment of coal-pillar
design,” Journal of the Southern African Institute
of Mining and Metallurgy 91(1):27–37. https://hdl
.handle.net/10520/AJA0038223X_2038.
[33] Maleki H (1992), “In situ pillar strength and failure
mechanisms for US coal seams,” In Proceedings of
the Workshop on Coal Pillar Mechanics and Design,
United States, Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Mines 9315:73.
[34] Galvin JM, Hebblewhite BK, Salamon MD (1999),
“University of New South Wales Coal Pillar Strength
Determinations for Australian and South African
Mining Conditions,” Proceedings of the Second
International Workshop on Coal Pillar Mechanics
and Design.
[35] Van der Merwe JN, Mathey M (2013), “Update
of coal pillar strength formulae for South African
coal using two methods of analysis,” Journal of the
Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
113(11):841–847.
[36] Das AJ, Mandal PK, Paul PS, Sinha RK, Tewari S
(2019), “Assessment of the strength of inclined
coal pillars through numerical modelling based on
the ubiquitous joint model,” Rock Mechanics and
Rock Engineering 52(10):3691–3717. https://doi
.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01826-4.
[37] Zheng C, Jiang B, Xue S, Chen Z, Li H (2019),
“Coalbed methane emissions and drainage methods
in underground mining for mining safety and envi-
ronmental benefits: A review,” Process Safety and
Environmental Protection 127:103–124. https://doi
.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.05.010.
[38] Hudson JA, Harrison JP (1997), Introduction,
Engineering Rock Mechanics.
[39] Beniawski ZT (1976), “Rock mass classifications in
rock engineering,” In Proceedings of a Symposium on
Exploration for Rock Engineering 1:97–106.
[40] Hoek E, Brown ET (1997), “Practical estimates of
rock mass strength,” International journal of rock
mechanics and mining sciences 34(8):1165–1186.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(97)80069-X.
[41] Sheorey PR (1997), “Empirical rock failure criteria,”
AA Balkema 176.
Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 144:104810.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2021.104810.
[22] Singh AK, Ram S, Kumar A, Waclawik P, Kukutsch
R (2024), “Stability study of coal pillars due to
induced stress driven spalling during development
and mechanised depillaring at different depths of
cover,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal (ja). https://
doi.org/10.1139/cgj‑2024-0114.
[23] Kumar A, Waclawik P, Singh R, Ram S, Korbel J
(2019), “Performance of a coal pillar at deeper cover:
Field and simulation studies,” International journal
of rock mechanics and mining sciences 113:322–332.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.10.006.
[24] Waclawik P, Ptacek J, Konicek P, Kukutsch R,
Nemcik, J (2016), “Stress-state monitoring of coal
pillars during room and pillar extraction,” Journal
of Sustainable Mining 15(2):49–56. https://doi
.org/10.1016/j.jsm.2016.06.002.
[25] Jaiswal A, Shrivastva BK (2009), “Numerical simu-
lation of coal pillar strength,” International Journal
of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 46(4):779–
788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2008.11.003.
[26] Singh R, Mandal PK, Singh AK, Kumar R, Sinha
A (2008), “Optimal underground extraction of coal
at shallow cover beneath surface/subsurface objects:
Indian practices,” Rock mechanics and rock engineer-
ing 41:421–444. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603
-007-0149-4.
[27] Sun W, Zhang Q, Luan Y, Zhang XP (2018), “A
study of surface subsidence and coal pillar safety
for strip mining in a deep mine,” Environmental
Earth Sciences 77:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007
/s12665-018-7810-y.
[28] Poulsen BA (2010), “Coal pillar load calculation
by pressure arch theory and near field extraction
ratio,” International Journal of Rock Mechanics
and Mining Sciences 47(7):1158–1165. https://doi
.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.06.011.
[29] Kumar S, Sinha RK, Jawed M, Murmu S (2024),
“Assessment of coal pillar strength under the influence
of sand stowing in deep coal mines,” Geotechnical and
Geological Engineering 42(4):2815–2831. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02707-y.
[30] Sheorey PR (1992), “Pillar strength considering in-
situ stress, in: Proceedings of the workshop on coal
pillar mechanics and design,” Santa Fe, Ed. A.T.
USBM IC 9315:122–127.
[31] Bunting D (1911), “Chamber pillars in deep anthra-
cite mines,” Trans AIME 42:236–245.
[32] Madden BJ (1991), “A re-assessment of coal-pillar
design,” Journal of the Southern African Institute
of Mining and Metallurgy 91(1):27–37. https://hdl
.handle.net/10520/AJA0038223X_2038.
[33] Maleki H (1992), “In situ pillar strength and failure
mechanisms for US coal seams,” In Proceedings of
the Workshop on Coal Pillar Mechanics and Design,
United States, Department of the Interior, Bureau of
Mines 9315:73.
[34] Galvin JM, Hebblewhite BK, Salamon MD (1999),
“University of New South Wales Coal Pillar Strength
Determinations for Australian and South African
Mining Conditions,” Proceedings of the Second
International Workshop on Coal Pillar Mechanics
and Design.
[35] Van der Merwe JN, Mathey M (2013), “Update
of coal pillar strength formulae for South African
coal using two methods of analysis,” Journal of the
Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
113(11):841–847.
[36] Das AJ, Mandal PK, Paul PS, Sinha RK, Tewari S
(2019), “Assessment of the strength of inclined
coal pillars through numerical modelling based on
the ubiquitous joint model,” Rock Mechanics and
Rock Engineering 52(10):3691–3717. https://doi
.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01826-4.
[37] Zheng C, Jiang B, Xue S, Chen Z, Li H (2019),
“Coalbed methane emissions and drainage methods
in underground mining for mining safety and envi-
ronmental benefits: A review,” Process Safety and
Environmental Protection 127:103–124. https://doi
.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.05.010.
[38] Hudson JA, Harrison JP (1997), Introduction,
Engineering Rock Mechanics.
[39] Beniawski ZT (1976), “Rock mass classifications in
rock engineering,” In Proceedings of a Symposium on
Exploration for Rock Engineering 1:97–106.
[40] Hoek E, Brown ET (1997), “Practical estimates of
rock mass strength,” International journal of rock
mechanics and mining sciences 34(8):1165–1186.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(97)80069-X.
[41] Sheorey PR (1997), “Empirical rock failure criteria,”
AA Balkema 176.