XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 879
of ore grades and ball filling were obtained. An increase in
the midsize passing of up to 8% at the same throughput
was found to be feasible. This framework of grinding cir-
cuits and the data-based implementation of multi-objective
optimization can potentially help in on-line optimization
of grinding circuits.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank the management of Tata Consultancy
Services for funding this project and for the permission to
publish this work.
REFERENCES
Austin, L., Klimpel, R., and Luckie, P. 1984. Process
Engineering of Size Reduction: Ball Milling, Society of
Mining Engineers of the AIME. https://books.google.
co.in/books?id=7uScQgAACAAJ.
Austin, L., and Klimpel, R. 1989. An investigation of wet
grinding in a laboratory overflow ball mill, Mining,
Metallurgy &Exploration 6 (1):7–14.
Austin, L.G., Julianelli, K., de Souza, A.S., and Schneider,
C.L. 2007. Simulation of wet ball milling of iron ore
at carajas, brazil, International Journal of Mineral
Processing 84 (1–4):157–171.
de Carvalho, R.M., Campos, T.M., Faria, P.M., and Tavares,
L.M. 2021. Mechanistic modeling and simulation of
grinding iron ore pellet feed in pilot and industrial
scale ball mills, Powder Technology 392:489–502.
de Bakker, J. 2014. Energy use of fine grinding in mineral
processing, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E
1 (1):8–19.
Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., and Meyarivan, T.A.M.T.
2002. A fast and elitist multi objective genetic algo-
rithm: NSGA-II. IEEE transactions on evolutionary
computation, 6(2):182–197.
Faria, P., Rajamani, R.K., and Tavares, L.M. 2019.
Optimization of solids concentration in iron ore ball
milling through modeling and simulation, Minerals 9
(6):366.
Farjana, S.H., Huda, N., Mahmud, M.P., and Saidur, R.
2019. A review on the impact of mining and mineral
processing industries through life cycle assessment,
Journal of cleaner production 231:1200–1217.
Gardner, R.P., Aissa, M., and Verghese, K. 1982.
Determination of ball mill residence time distributions
form tracer data taken in closed-circuit operation,
Powder Technology 32 (2):253–266.
Kinneberg, D., and Herbst, J. 1984. A comparison of lin-
ear and nonlinear models for open circuit ball mill
grinding, International journal of mineral processing 13
(2):143–165.
Klimpel, R., Austin, L., and Hogg, R. 1989. The mass trans-
port of slurry and solid in a laboratory overflow ball
mill, Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration 6 (2):73–78.
Latchireddi, S., and Morrell, S., 2003a. Slurry flow in mills:
grate-only discharge mechanism (part-1), Minerals
Engineering 16 (7):625–633.
Lee, D., Kwon, J., Kim, K., and Cho, H. 2020. Breakage
and liberation characteristics of iron ore from shinyemi
mine by ball mill, Journal of the Korean Institute of
Resources Recycling 29 (3):11–23.
Li, G., Klein, B., Sun, C., and Kou, J. 2021. Insight in ore
grade heterogeneity and potential of bulk ore sorting
application for block cave mining, Minerals Engineering
170:106999.
Lynch, A., and Rao, T., 1975. Modelling and scale-up of
hydrocyclone classifiers, Proceedings XI Int Min Proc
Congress, Cagliari, 245–269.
Makokha, A.B., Moys, M.H., and Bwalya, M.M. 2011.
Modeling the rtd of an industrial overflow ball mill as
a function of load volume and slurry concentration,
Minerals engineering 24 (3–4):335–340.
Marchand, J., Hodouin, D., and Everell, M. 1980.
Residence time distribution and mass transport char-
acteristics of large industrial grinding mills, IFAC
Proceedings Volumes 13 (7):295–302.
Morrell, S. 1996a. Power draw of wet tumbling mills and
its relationship to charge dynamics. pt. 1: a continuum
approach to mathematical modelling of mill power
draw, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and
Metallurgy. Section C. Mineral Processing and Extractive
Metallurgy 105.
Morrell, S. 1996b. Power draw of wet tumbling mills and
its relationship to charge dynamics. pt. 2: an empirical
approach to modelling of mill power draw, Transactions
of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. Section C.
Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 105.
Moys, M. 1986. The effect of grate design on the behaviour
of grate-discharge grinding mills, International journal
of mineral processing 18 (1–2):85–105.
Perez-Garcia, E., Bouchard, J., and Poulin, E. 2020. A
mineral liberation distribution estimator for monitor-
ing and process control applications, Powder Technology
367:527–538.
Rogers, R., and Austin, L. 1984. Residence time distribu-
tions in ball mills, Particulate Science and Technology 2
(2):191–209.
of ore grades and ball filling were obtained. An increase in
the midsize passing of up to 8% at the same throughput
was found to be feasible. This framework of grinding cir-
cuits and the data-based implementation of multi-objective
optimization can potentially help in on-line optimization
of grinding circuits.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank the management of Tata Consultancy
Services for funding this project and for the permission to
publish this work.
REFERENCES
Austin, L., Klimpel, R., and Luckie, P. 1984. Process
Engineering of Size Reduction: Ball Milling, Society of
Mining Engineers of the AIME. https://books.google.
co.in/books?id=7uScQgAACAAJ.
Austin, L., and Klimpel, R. 1989. An investigation of wet
grinding in a laboratory overflow ball mill, Mining,
Metallurgy &Exploration 6 (1):7–14.
Austin, L.G., Julianelli, K., de Souza, A.S., and Schneider,
C.L. 2007. Simulation of wet ball milling of iron ore
at carajas, brazil, International Journal of Mineral
Processing 84 (1–4):157–171.
de Carvalho, R.M., Campos, T.M., Faria, P.M., and Tavares,
L.M. 2021. Mechanistic modeling and simulation of
grinding iron ore pellet feed in pilot and industrial
scale ball mills, Powder Technology 392:489–502.
de Bakker, J. 2014. Energy use of fine grinding in mineral
processing, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E
1 (1):8–19.
Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., and Meyarivan, T.A.M.T.
2002. A fast and elitist multi objective genetic algo-
rithm: NSGA-II. IEEE transactions on evolutionary
computation, 6(2):182–197.
Faria, P., Rajamani, R.K., and Tavares, L.M. 2019.
Optimization of solids concentration in iron ore ball
milling through modeling and simulation, Minerals 9
(6):366.
Farjana, S.H., Huda, N., Mahmud, M.P., and Saidur, R.
2019. A review on the impact of mining and mineral
processing industries through life cycle assessment,
Journal of cleaner production 231:1200–1217.
Gardner, R.P., Aissa, M., and Verghese, K. 1982.
Determination of ball mill residence time distributions
form tracer data taken in closed-circuit operation,
Powder Technology 32 (2):253–266.
Kinneberg, D., and Herbst, J. 1984. A comparison of lin-
ear and nonlinear models for open circuit ball mill
grinding, International journal of mineral processing 13
(2):143–165.
Klimpel, R., Austin, L., and Hogg, R. 1989. The mass trans-
port of slurry and solid in a laboratory overflow ball
mill, Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration 6 (2):73–78.
Latchireddi, S., and Morrell, S., 2003a. Slurry flow in mills:
grate-only discharge mechanism (part-1), Minerals
Engineering 16 (7):625–633.
Lee, D., Kwon, J., Kim, K., and Cho, H. 2020. Breakage
and liberation characteristics of iron ore from shinyemi
mine by ball mill, Journal of the Korean Institute of
Resources Recycling 29 (3):11–23.
Li, G., Klein, B., Sun, C., and Kou, J. 2021. Insight in ore
grade heterogeneity and potential of bulk ore sorting
application for block cave mining, Minerals Engineering
170:106999.
Lynch, A., and Rao, T., 1975. Modelling and scale-up of
hydrocyclone classifiers, Proceedings XI Int Min Proc
Congress, Cagliari, 245–269.
Makokha, A.B., Moys, M.H., and Bwalya, M.M. 2011.
Modeling the rtd of an industrial overflow ball mill as
a function of load volume and slurry concentration,
Minerals engineering 24 (3–4):335–340.
Marchand, J., Hodouin, D., and Everell, M. 1980.
Residence time distribution and mass transport char-
acteristics of large industrial grinding mills, IFAC
Proceedings Volumes 13 (7):295–302.
Morrell, S. 1996a. Power draw of wet tumbling mills and
its relationship to charge dynamics. pt. 1: a continuum
approach to mathematical modelling of mill power
draw, Transactions of the Institution of Mining and
Metallurgy. Section C. Mineral Processing and Extractive
Metallurgy 105.
Morrell, S. 1996b. Power draw of wet tumbling mills and
its relationship to charge dynamics. pt. 2: an empirical
approach to modelling of mill power draw, Transactions
of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. Section C.
Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 105.
Moys, M. 1986. The effect of grate design on the behaviour
of grate-discharge grinding mills, International journal
of mineral processing 18 (1–2):85–105.
Perez-Garcia, E., Bouchard, J., and Poulin, E. 2020. A
mineral liberation distribution estimator for monitor-
ing and process control applications, Powder Technology
367:527–538.
Rogers, R., and Austin, L. 1984. Residence time distribu-
tions in ball mills, Particulate Science and Technology 2
(2):191–209.