782 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
all cases, the expected conductivity for the future recovered
water (RW) was in a range of 11.8 ± 1.0 mS/cm.
Figures 7a and 7b show the evolution of ions (Ca++, K+,
Mg++) and (Na+, Cl–, Sulphate), respectively. In all cases,
the water conductivity increases from the initial FWM
(50/50 in red, and 65/35 in green) to the final recovered
water (RW) in dashed lines, due to the ion’s dissolution,
except for Mg++, because of precipitation in presence of
Ca++. In addition, the future ionic content of the recov-
ered water (RW) and the future process water (after adding
the FWM) was lower than the actual process water (PW),
in blue.
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Cycle Number
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Figure 6. Water conductivity during DDCT, years 2024 to 2028
(a) (b)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Ca++ K+ Mg++
Process Water
Makeup Water (50/50)
Makeup Water (65/35)
Recovered Water (50/50)
Recovered Water (65/35)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Na+ Cl- SO4=
Process Water
Makeup Water (50/50)
Makeup Water (65/35)
Recovered Water (50/50)
Recovered Water (65/35)
Figure 7. Ions concentration in the future freshwater makeup (WM) and future recovered water (RW), for years 2024–2027 in
red, and in green for 2028, relative to the current process water (PW), in blue. For: a) ions Ca++, K+, Mg++, and b) ions Na+,
Cl–, Sulphate)
Water
Conductivity,
mS/cm
Concentration,mg/L Concentration,mg/L