XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 707
amongst the factors, collector chain length, dosage and
ionic strength of SPW, the ionic strength of SPW appears
to have had the largest impact on flotation performance.
However, the effects of the collector chain length and dos-
age should not be ignored. There may be interactive effects
with ionic strength that can destabilise the froth phase and
lead to changes in flotation performance. The conclusions
of this study emphasise the importance of understanding
the impact of varying water quality in the flotation process.
Therefore, further investigation into the recirculation of
process water and its components could provide the min-
eral processing industry with more control over the flota-
tion system when water is recycled.
REFERENCES
Bremmell, K.E., Fornasiero, D. and Ralston, J. (2005),
‘Pentlandite–lizardite interactions and implications
for their separation by flotation’, Colloids and Surfaces
A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 252(2),
207–212.
Corin, K.C., Tetlow, S. and Manono, M.S. (2022),
‘Considering the action of frothers under degrading
water quality’, Minerals Engineering 181, 107546.
Corin, K., Reddy, A., Miyen, L., Wiese, J. and Harris, P.
(2011), ‘The effect of ionic strength of plant water
on valuable mineral and gangue recovery in a plati-
num bearing ore from the Merensky reef’, Minerals
Engineering 24, 131–137.
Dippenaar, A., 1982. The destabilisation of froths by solids.
I. The mechanism of film rupture. Int. J. Miner.
Process. 9, 1–14.
Farrokhpay, S. (2011), ‘The significance of froth stability in
mineral flotation — a review’, Advances in Colloid and
Interface Science 166(1–2), 1–7.
Feng, B. Feng, Q., Lu, Y., Lv, P (2012) ‘The effect of con-
ditioning methods and chain length of xanthate on
the flotation of a nickel ore’, Minerals Engineering.
Elsevier Ltd, 39, pp. 48–50.
Goktepe, F., 2002. Effect of pH on pulp potential and sul-
phide mineral flotation. Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci.
26, 309–318.
Hewitt, D., Fornasiero, D. and Ralston, J. (1994), ‘Bubble
particle attachment efficiency’, Minerals Engineering
7(5), 657–665.
Hirajima, T., Suyantara, G.P.W., Ichikawa, O., Elmahdy,
A.M., Miki, H. and Sasaki, K. (2016), ‘Effect of Mg2+
and Ca2+ as divalent seawater cations on the float-
ability of molybdenite and chalcopyrite’, Minerals
Engineering 96–97, 83–93.
Ikotun, B.D., Adams, F.V. and Ikotun, A.G. (2017)
‘Application of three xanthates collectors on the recovery
of nickel and pentlandite in a low-grade nickel sulfide
ore using optimum flotation parameters’, Particulate
Science and Technology, 35(4), pp. 462–471.
Janetski, N.D., Woodburn, S.I. and Woods, R. (1977)
‘An electrochemical investigation of pyrite flotation
and depression’, International Journal of Mineral
Processing. Elsevier, 4(3), pp. 227–239.
Karlkvist, T. Selectivity in Calcium Mineral Flotation—
An Analysis of Novel and Existing Approaches. Ph.D.
Thesis, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden,
2017.
Kim, D.S., Kuh, S.E. and Moon, K.S. (2000) ‘Characteristics
of xanthates related to hydrocarbon chain length’,
Geosystem Engineering, 3(1), pp. 30–34.
Kurniawan, A., Ozdemir, O., Nguyen, A., Ofori, P. and
Firth, B. (2011), ‘Flotation of coal particles in MgCl2,
NaCl, and NaClO3 solutions in the absence and
presence of Dowfroth 250’, International Journal of
Mineral Processing 98(3), 137–144.
Langa, N.T., Adeleke, A.A., Mendonidis, P. and Thubakgale,
C.K. (2014), ‘Evaluation of sodium isobutyl xanthate
as a collector in the froth flotation of a carbonatitic cop-
per ore’, International Journal of Industrial Chemistry
5, 107–110.
Lessard, R.R. and Zieminski, S.A. (1971), ‘Bubble
Coalescence and Gas Transfer in Aqueous Electrolytic
Solutions’, Industrial &Engineering Chemistry
Fundamentals 10(2), 260–269. Publisher: American
Chemical Society.
Li, Y., Li, W., Xiao, Q., He, N., Ren, Z., Lartey, C. and
Gerson, A. (2017), ‘The influence of common mon-
ovalent and divalent chlorides on chalcopyrite flota-
tion’, Minerals 7, 111.
Manono, M.M., Corin, K.C., Wiese, J.G., 2018. Water
quality management effects on a sulfidic PGM ore:
Implications for froth stability and gangue manage-
ment. Physicochem. Probl. Mineral Process. 54,
1253–1265.
Manono, M., Corin, K. and Wiesve, J. (2013), ‘The effect
of ionic strength of plant water on foam stability: A
2phase flotation study’, Minerals Engineering 40,
42–47.
Marrucci, G. and Nicodemo, L. (1967), ‘Coalescence of gas
bubbles in aqueous solutions of inorganic electrolytes’,
Chemical Engineering Science 22(9), 1257–1265.
amongst the factors, collector chain length, dosage and
ionic strength of SPW, the ionic strength of SPW appears
to have had the largest impact on flotation performance.
However, the effects of the collector chain length and dos-
age should not be ignored. There may be interactive effects
with ionic strength that can destabilise the froth phase and
lead to changes in flotation performance. The conclusions
of this study emphasise the importance of understanding
the impact of varying water quality in the flotation process.
Therefore, further investigation into the recirculation of
process water and its components could provide the min-
eral processing industry with more control over the flota-
tion system when water is recycled.
REFERENCES
Bremmell, K.E., Fornasiero, D. and Ralston, J. (2005),
‘Pentlandite–lizardite interactions and implications
for their separation by flotation’, Colloids and Surfaces
A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 252(2),
207–212.
Corin, K.C., Tetlow, S. and Manono, M.S. (2022),
‘Considering the action of frothers under degrading
water quality’, Minerals Engineering 181, 107546.
Corin, K., Reddy, A., Miyen, L., Wiese, J. and Harris, P.
(2011), ‘The effect of ionic strength of plant water
on valuable mineral and gangue recovery in a plati-
num bearing ore from the Merensky reef’, Minerals
Engineering 24, 131–137.
Dippenaar, A., 1982. The destabilisation of froths by solids.
I. The mechanism of film rupture. Int. J. Miner.
Process. 9, 1–14.
Farrokhpay, S. (2011), ‘The significance of froth stability in
mineral flotation — a review’, Advances in Colloid and
Interface Science 166(1–2), 1–7.
Feng, B. Feng, Q., Lu, Y., Lv, P (2012) ‘The effect of con-
ditioning methods and chain length of xanthate on
the flotation of a nickel ore’, Minerals Engineering.
Elsevier Ltd, 39, pp. 48–50.
Goktepe, F., 2002. Effect of pH on pulp potential and sul-
phide mineral flotation. Turkish J. Eng. Environ. Sci.
26, 309–318.
Hewitt, D., Fornasiero, D. and Ralston, J. (1994), ‘Bubble
particle attachment efficiency’, Minerals Engineering
7(5), 657–665.
Hirajima, T., Suyantara, G.P.W., Ichikawa, O., Elmahdy,
A.M., Miki, H. and Sasaki, K. (2016), ‘Effect of Mg2+
and Ca2+ as divalent seawater cations on the float-
ability of molybdenite and chalcopyrite’, Minerals
Engineering 96–97, 83–93.
Ikotun, B.D., Adams, F.V. and Ikotun, A.G. (2017)
‘Application of three xanthates collectors on the recovery
of nickel and pentlandite in a low-grade nickel sulfide
ore using optimum flotation parameters’, Particulate
Science and Technology, 35(4), pp. 462–471.
Janetski, N.D., Woodburn, S.I. and Woods, R. (1977)
‘An electrochemical investigation of pyrite flotation
and depression’, International Journal of Mineral
Processing. Elsevier, 4(3), pp. 227–239.
Karlkvist, T. Selectivity in Calcium Mineral Flotation—
An Analysis of Novel and Existing Approaches. Ph.D.
Thesis, Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden,
2017.
Kim, D.S., Kuh, S.E. and Moon, K.S. (2000) ‘Characteristics
of xanthates related to hydrocarbon chain length’,
Geosystem Engineering, 3(1), pp. 30–34.
Kurniawan, A., Ozdemir, O., Nguyen, A., Ofori, P. and
Firth, B. (2011), ‘Flotation of coal particles in MgCl2,
NaCl, and NaClO3 solutions in the absence and
presence of Dowfroth 250’, International Journal of
Mineral Processing 98(3), 137–144.
Langa, N.T., Adeleke, A.A., Mendonidis, P. and Thubakgale,
C.K. (2014), ‘Evaluation of sodium isobutyl xanthate
as a collector in the froth flotation of a carbonatitic cop-
per ore’, International Journal of Industrial Chemistry
5, 107–110.
Lessard, R.R. and Zieminski, S.A. (1971), ‘Bubble
Coalescence and Gas Transfer in Aqueous Electrolytic
Solutions’, Industrial &Engineering Chemistry
Fundamentals 10(2), 260–269. Publisher: American
Chemical Society.
Li, Y., Li, W., Xiao, Q., He, N., Ren, Z., Lartey, C. and
Gerson, A. (2017), ‘The influence of common mon-
ovalent and divalent chlorides on chalcopyrite flota-
tion’, Minerals 7, 111.
Manono, M.M., Corin, K.C., Wiese, J.G., 2018. Water
quality management effects on a sulfidic PGM ore:
Implications for froth stability and gangue manage-
ment. Physicochem. Probl. Mineral Process. 54,
1253–1265.
Manono, M., Corin, K. and Wiesve, J. (2013), ‘The effect
of ionic strength of plant water on foam stability: A
2phase flotation study’, Minerals Engineering 40,
42–47.
Marrucci, G. and Nicodemo, L. (1967), ‘Coalescence of gas
bubbles in aqueous solutions of inorganic electrolytes’,
Chemical Engineering Science 22(9), 1257–1265.