vii
Integration of Process Simulation and Environmental Impact Estimation for Dry Processing
Plants in an Online Platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018
Liberation Curves: A New Approach to Interpreting Mineral Liberation Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027
Technical Evaluation of a Copper Process Plant Expansion While Respecting the Region’s Environmental
Constraints Using an Integrated Value Chain Flowsheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034
Forecasting the Recovery Potential of a Tailings Storage Facility with Particle-Based Separation Models . . . . 1045
The Validation of Predictive Metallurgical Simulation Models by Locked Cycle Test Results. . . . . . . . . . 1057
Advances and Applications in Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Digitial Twins
Can A.I. Save the Mining Industry? .......................................1071
Digital Helpers in Roller Processing—Examples of IIot Applications and Real Benefits. ............1083
Digitalization of Centrifugal Slurry Pumps—a Reflection of Innovation, Research &
Development Work and Lessons Learned. ...................................1092
Digitalization in Mining And Mineral Processing—A New Solution for Potential Increasing the
Metals Recovery .................................................1103
Down the Data Drain: How Can We Utilize Quarry Data for Environmental Assessment?. ..........1108
Maximizing Copper Production by Proper Water Management Using a Digital Twin ..............1116
Pipeline Digital Twin with Power Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128
Process Control, Modeling, and Simulation—General
Experimental and DEM Investigation of Non-Spherical Particle Dynamics in Pseudo-2D
Hopper Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1134
Modelling and Optimization of Sub-Grade Iron Ore Beneficiation Using Response Surface Method with
Three Level Three Factor Box Benken Design. .................................1146
Optimizing Physical Separation Through Machine Learning Based Mineralogy Classification. . . . . . . . . 1156
Use of Nanofiltration Membrane Processes to Concentrate Acid Liquors in Extractive Metallurgy:
Development of a Reactive Transport Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164
Strategic Minerals
Industrial Practice for Primary Minerals
A New Tungsten Process to Reduce Environmental Impact, Improve Grade and Recovery and
Facilitate Wastewater Reuse. ..........................................1173
A Review of the Beneficiation of Bastnaesite and Monazite Rare Earth Bearing Minerals. ...........1188
Co-Extraction of Tellurium from Gold Ore. ..................................1199
Flowsheet Development of Two Distinct Rare Earth Minerals Bearing Heavy Mineral Sand Ores . . . . . . . 1208
Gangue Rejection Strategies for Halleck Creek Allanite Beneficiation ......................1220
Technospheric Mining of Rare Earth Elements from Acid-Crack Leach Tailings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237
Industrial Practice for Secondary Sources
Characterization and Evaluation of Various Biochar Types as a Green Approach for
Lanthanum Recovery from Aqueous Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246
Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Nonconventional Resources. .....................1260
Full-Value Copper Mining: A Gateway to Critical Mineral Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1269
Processing of a Phosphate Flotation Tails for Recovery of Rare Earths and Phosphate ..............1278
Production of Critical Minerals from Coal Ash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1286
Integration of Process Simulation and Environmental Impact Estimation for Dry Processing
Plants in an Online Platform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018
Liberation Curves: A New Approach to Interpreting Mineral Liberation Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027
Technical Evaluation of a Copper Process Plant Expansion While Respecting the Region’s Environmental
Constraints Using an Integrated Value Chain Flowsheet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1034
Forecasting the Recovery Potential of a Tailings Storage Facility with Particle-Based Separation Models . . . . 1045
The Validation of Predictive Metallurgical Simulation Models by Locked Cycle Test Results. . . . . . . . . . 1057
Advances and Applications in Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, and Digitial Twins
Can A.I. Save the Mining Industry? .......................................1071
Digital Helpers in Roller Processing—Examples of IIot Applications and Real Benefits. ............1083
Digitalization of Centrifugal Slurry Pumps—a Reflection of Innovation, Research &
Development Work and Lessons Learned. ...................................1092
Digitalization in Mining And Mineral Processing—A New Solution for Potential Increasing the
Metals Recovery .................................................1103
Down the Data Drain: How Can We Utilize Quarry Data for Environmental Assessment?. ..........1108
Maximizing Copper Production by Proper Water Management Using a Digital Twin ..............1116
Pipeline Digital Twin with Power Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1128
Process Control, Modeling, and Simulation—General
Experimental and DEM Investigation of Non-Spherical Particle Dynamics in Pseudo-2D
Hopper Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1134
Modelling and Optimization of Sub-Grade Iron Ore Beneficiation Using Response Surface Method with
Three Level Three Factor Box Benken Design. .................................1146
Optimizing Physical Separation Through Machine Learning Based Mineralogy Classification. . . . . . . . . 1156
Use of Nanofiltration Membrane Processes to Concentrate Acid Liquors in Extractive Metallurgy:
Development of a Reactive Transport Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1164
Strategic Minerals
Industrial Practice for Primary Minerals
A New Tungsten Process to Reduce Environmental Impact, Improve Grade and Recovery and
Facilitate Wastewater Reuse. ..........................................1173
A Review of the Beneficiation of Bastnaesite and Monazite Rare Earth Bearing Minerals. ...........1188
Co-Extraction of Tellurium from Gold Ore. ..................................1199
Flowsheet Development of Two Distinct Rare Earth Minerals Bearing Heavy Mineral Sand Ores . . . . . . . 1208
Gangue Rejection Strategies for Halleck Creek Allanite Beneficiation ......................1220
Technospheric Mining of Rare Earth Elements from Acid-Crack Leach Tailings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237
Industrial Practice for Secondary Sources
Characterization and Evaluation of Various Biochar Types as a Green Approach for
Lanthanum Recovery from Aqueous Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1246
Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Nonconventional Resources. .....................1260
Full-Value Copper Mining: A Gateway to Critical Mineral Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1269
Processing of a Phosphate Flotation Tails for Recovery of Rare Earths and Phosphate ..............1278
Production of Critical Minerals from Coal Ash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1286