3934 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
out, as it requires loose bonds between the target material
and the matrix.
In this particular slag material, the grains of the tar-
get material exhibit dendritic layers that are strongly inter-
locked within the matrix. The orientation and local high
volumes of the matrix material at the end of dendrites do
not influence the trajectory of the breakage. In regions with
low thickness values of the dendrites, the consistent dis-
tance between each branch, reinforced by their intergrowth,
indicates that the target material and the matrix can be
viewed as a pseudo-homogeneous volume. Despite some
areas predominantly consisting of matrix material, the tar-
get phase is interlocked throughout the entire slag particle.
Since the breakage behavior is found to be independent of
the target phase or matrix, the investigation now focuses
on the influence of pores. Despite overlapping cumulative
distributions of pores at varying applied forces (Figure 6),
no new voids were formed, indicating the absence of evi-
dence for new fractures. The total number of pores ranged
from 173 (F =5 N) to 208 (F =100 N), with 164 in the
fractured state. These divergent values, despite identical
measurement and reconstruction settings, can be attributed
to the different gray-scale histograms. Consequently, even
with uniform threshold limits, after segmentation, differ-
ent pore numbers can result. In particular, the fracture path
did not preferentially follow the pores. Furthermore, the
Figure 4. Breakage force vs. distance of the first breakage event (left) and maximum breakage event (right)
compared by fragment type A-D
F =5 N F =100 N
5 mm
F =57 N
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
distance in mm
Breakage force at
135 N
Fracture surface
0.04 mm
Figure 5. In-situ compression of lithium aluminate slag particle with corresponding force-distance curve
Force
in
N
out, as it requires loose bonds between the target material
and the matrix.
In this particular slag material, the grains of the tar-
get material exhibit dendritic layers that are strongly inter-
locked within the matrix. The orientation and local high
volumes of the matrix material at the end of dendrites do
not influence the trajectory of the breakage. In regions with
low thickness values of the dendrites, the consistent dis-
tance between each branch, reinforced by their intergrowth,
indicates that the target material and the matrix can be
viewed as a pseudo-homogeneous volume. Despite some
areas predominantly consisting of matrix material, the tar-
get phase is interlocked throughout the entire slag particle.
Since the breakage behavior is found to be independent of
the target phase or matrix, the investigation now focuses
on the influence of pores. Despite overlapping cumulative
distributions of pores at varying applied forces (Figure 6),
no new voids were formed, indicating the absence of evi-
dence for new fractures. The total number of pores ranged
from 173 (F =5 N) to 208 (F =100 N), with 164 in the
fractured state. These divergent values, despite identical
measurement and reconstruction settings, can be attributed
to the different gray-scale histograms. Consequently, even
with uniform threshold limits, after segmentation, differ-
ent pore numbers can result. In particular, the fracture path
did not preferentially follow the pores. Furthermore, the
Figure 4. Breakage force vs. distance of the first breakage event (left) and maximum breakage event (right)
compared by fragment type A-D
F =5 N F =100 N
5 mm
F =57 N
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
distance in mm
Breakage force at
135 N
Fracture surface
0.04 mm
Figure 5. In-situ compression of lithium aluminate slag particle with corresponding force-distance curve
Force
in
N