XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 3435
of the iron as well aluminium and chromium with
no co-precipitation of manganese and no solid/liq-
uid separation issue.
• Oxidative precipitation of the manganese from the
PLS as manganese dioxide (MnO2) to separate from
other remaining impurities yielded a product nearly
99% MnO2 purity.
• Reductive re-leaching of the MnO2 precipitate to
prepare for further purification was found to be
stoichiometric.
• Copper is a deleterious impurity if the final purify-
ing step involves solvent extraction as it preferentially
extracts over manganese with almost any extractant.
Attempt to remove copper by ion exchange (IX)
achieved 85% removal even though it was only
9.6 mg/L in the PLS.
• Further purification of the manganese by solvent
extraction has been particularly slow and available
data have discrepancies. Nonetheless, a manganese
sulfate solution with more than 99% purity appears
to have been achieved.
Despite uncertainties in the analytical data and other
limitations, this work has generated substantial data that
would be useful in developing an optimum flowsheet for
producing HPMSM with 4N purity from manganese ores
that are easy to mine but not suitable feed in the conven-
tional manganese processing route.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank IMPCC and METS
Engineering Group for permission to publish this paper
and all colleagues and engineers at various sites, METS staff
and other consultants for their contribution, and the man-
agement of METS for their permission and constructive
criticism of various drafts of this manuscript. Thanks also
to various vendors for providing technical input.
REFERENCES
Riveros, P.A. and Dutrizac, J.E. 1996. The precipitation of
hematite from ferric chloride media. Hyrometallurgy
46:85 –104.
Dutrizac, J.E. and Riveros, P.A.1999. The precipitation of
hematite from ferric chloride media. Metallurgical and
Materials Transaction B 30(6):993 –1001.
Veglio, F. and Toro, L. 1994. Reductive leaching of a con-
centrate manganese dioxide ore in acid solution: stoichi-
ometry and preliminary kinetic analysis. International
Journal of Mineral Processing, 40: 257–272.
Chen, G., Jiang C., Liu, R., Xie, Z., Liu, Z., Cen, S., Tao,
C. and Guo, S. 2021. Leaching kinetics of manganese
from pyrolusite using pyrite as a reductant under micro-
wave heating. Separation and Purification Technology
277 (119472):1–10.
Sinha, M.K. and Purcell, W. 2019. Reducing agents in the
leaching of manganese ores: A comprehensive review.
Hydrometallurgy 187:168–186.
Keller, A., Hlawitschka, M.W. and Bart, H.J. 2022.
Application of saponified D2EHPA for the selective
extraction of manganese from spend lithium-ion bat-
teries. Chemical Engineering &Processing Process
Intensification 171(108552):1–8.
Vieceli, N., Vonderstein, C., Swiontekc, T., Stopic, S.,
Dertmann, C., Sojka, R., Reinhardt, N., Ekberg, C.,
Friedrich, B. and Petranikova, M. 2023. Recycling
Li-Ion batteries from industrial processing: Upscaled
hydrometallirgoca treatment and recovery of high
purity manganese by solvent extraction. Solvent
Extraction and Ion Exchange 41(2):205–220.
of the iron as well aluminium and chromium with
no co-precipitation of manganese and no solid/liq-
uid separation issue.
• Oxidative precipitation of the manganese from the
PLS as manganese dioxide (MnO2) to separate from
other remaining impurities yielded a product nearly
99% MnO2 purity.
• Reductive re-leaching of the MnO2 precipitate to
prepare for further purification was found to be
stoichiometric.
• Copper is a deleterious impurity if the final purify-
ing step involves solvent extraction as it preferentially
extracts over manganese with almost any extractant.
Attempt to remove copper by ion exchange (IX)
achieved 85% removal even though it was only
9.6 mg/L in the PLS.
• Further purification of the manganese by solvent
extraction has been particularly slow and available
data have discrepancies. Nonetheless, a manganese
sulfate solution with more than 99% purity appears
to have been achieved.
Despite uncertainties in the analytical data and other
limitations, this work has generated substantial data that
would be useful in developing an optimum flowsheet for
producing HPMSM with 4N purity from manganese ores
that are easy to mine but not suitable feed in the conven-
tional manganese processing route.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank IMPCC and METS
Engineering Group for permission to publish this paper
and all colleagues and engineers at various sites, METS staff
and other consultants for their contribution, and the man-
agement of METS for their permission and constructive
criticism of various drafts of this manuscript. Thanks also
to various vendors for providing technical input.
REFERENCES
Riveros, P.A. and Dutrizac, J.E. 1996. The precipitation of
hematite from ferric chloride media. Hyrometallurgy
46:85 –104.
Dutrizac, J.E. and Riveros, P.A.1999. The precipitation of
hematite from ferric chloride media. Metallurgical and
Materials Transaction B 30(6):993 –1001.
Veglio, F. and Toro, L. 1994. Reductive leaching of a con-
centrate manganese dioxide ore in acid solution: stoichi-
ometry and preliminary kinetic analysis. International
Journal of Mineral Processing, 40: 257–272.
Chen, G., Jiang C., Liu, R., Xie, Z., Liu, Z., Cen, S., Tao,
C. and Guo, S. 2021. Leaching kinetics of manganese
from pyrolusite using pyrite as a reductant under micro-
wave heating. Separation and Purification Technology
277 (119472):1–10.
Sinha, M.K. and Purcell, W. 2019. Reducing agents in the
leaching of manganese ores: A comprehensive review.
Hydrometallurgy 187:168–186.
Keller, A., Hlawitschka, M.W. and Bart, H.J. 2022.
Application of saponified D2EHPA for the selective
extraction of manganese from spend lithium-ion bat-
teries. Chemical Engineering &Processing Process
Intensification 171(108552):1–8.
Vieceli, N., Vonderstein, C., Swiontekc, T., Stopic, S.,
Dertmann, C., Sojka, R., Reinhardt, N., Ekberg, C.,
Friedrich, B. and Petranikova, M. 2023. Recycling
Li-Ion batteries from industrial processing: Upscaled
hydrometallirgoca treatment and recovery of high
purity manganese by solvent extraction. Solvent
Extraction and Ion Exchange 41(2):205–220.