XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 3425
CONCLUSIONS
Laboratory scale experiments were performed to evaluate
the possibility of using Mn containing waste streams to
ultimately produce high pure manganese sulfate monohy-
drate. Two waste streams were processed separately from
acid leaching to MnSO4 crystallisation. Based on the lab
scale tests, Mn can be efficiently leached from mud with
sulfuric acid at room temperature in two hours. The major
impurities present in the PLS were identified as Al, Fe, Ca,
Mg, Si and Zn, considering the potential high purity man-
ganese sulfate monohydrate (HPMSM) production. Al, Fe,
Si and Zn were removed by neutralisation of PLS using
hydrated lime. Multiple cycle solvent extraction method
was used to eliminate Ca and Mg by selectively extracting
Mn from the neutralised PLS. The Mn rich solution was
used for evaporative crystallisation to produce HPMSM.
the produces MnSO4 crystals contained 31.6% of Mn
whilst the specification needs 31.8%. The next stages of the
project will focus on meeting the Grade II and then Grade I
specifications.
REFERENCES
Baumgartner, S.J. and Groot, D.R. (2014). “The recov-
ery of manganese products from ferromanganese
slag using a hydrometallurgical route.” Journal of the
Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
114: 331–340.
Buruiana, D.L., Obreja, C.-D., Herbei, E.E. and
Ghisman, V. (2021). “Re-Use of Silico-Manganese
Slag.” Sustainability 13(21): 11771.
Jephcott, B. (2023). Manganese Market Research Report,
Golden Gragon Capital.
Kaabomeir, S. (2023). “Ferromanaganese Slag:
Transforming Waste material into Resource.”
Retrieved Jan 2024, 2024, from https://parsferro.com
/ferromanganese-slag/.
Kazadi, D.M., Groot, D.R., Steenkamp, J.D. and
Pöllmann, H. (2016). “Control of silica polymerisation
during ferromanganese slag sulphuric acid digestion
and water leaching.” Hydrometallurgy 166: 214–221.
Kihlblom, C. (2021). Synergistic solvent extraction of
manganese(II) with a mixture of Cyanex 272 and
Cyanex 301 from chloride solutions, Boliden Mineral
Lab.
Mendonça de Araujo, J. A., Reis de Castro, Maria d. M.,
&Cunha Lins, V. d. F. (2006). Reuse of furnace fines
of ferro alloy in the electrolytic manganese production.
Hydrometallurgy, 84(3), 204–210.
Mohanty, J.K., Sahoo, P.K., Nathsarma, K.C., Panda, D.
and Paramguru, R.K. (1998). “Characterization and
leaching of ferromanganese slag.pdf.” Minerals and
Metallurgical Processing 15(3): 30–33.
Momade, F.W.Y. (1996). “Sulphuric acid leaching of the
Nsuta manganese carbonate ore.” Hydrometallurgy
40(1): 123–134.
Monhemius, J. (1977). “Precipitation diagrams for metal
hydroxides, sulfates, arsenates and phosphates.”
Transactions of the Institution of Mining &Metallurgy
86: C202–C206.
Naganoor, P.C., Prasanna, A.S.R., Shivaprasad, K.H. and
Bhat, K.L. (2000). “Extraction of manganese from
Ferro-manganese slag.” Processing of Fines 2: 300–306.
Önal, M. A. R., L. Panda, P. Kopparthi, V. Singh, P.
Venkatesan and C. R. Borra (2021). «Hydrometallurgical
Production of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD)
from Furnace Fines.» Minerals 11(7): 712.
Pakarinen, J. and Paatero, E. (2011). “Effect of temperature
on Mn–Ca selectivity with organophosphorus acid
extractants.” Hydrometallurgy 106(3): 159–164.
Rama Murthy, Y., Kapure, G.U., Tripathy, S.K. and
Sahu, G.P. (2018). “Recycling of ferromanganese gas
cleaning plant (GCP) sludge by novel agglomeration.”
Waste Management 80: 457–465.
S.Gaal, Tangstad, M. and Ravary, B. (2010). Recycling
of waste materails from the production of FeMn and
SiMn. The Twelfth International Ferroalloys Congress.
Helsinki, Finland.
Solvay Cyanex 272 Extractant Brochure. Solvay.
Winjobi, O. and Kelly, J.C. (2021). Update of the
Manganese pathway in GREET ® 2021. U.S. Dept.
of Energy. Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont,
Illinoise, US, Argonne National Laboratory: 1–7.
Yan, S. and Y. Qiu (2014). “Preparation of electronic grade
manganese sulfate from leaching solution of ferroman-
ganese slag.” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of
China 24(11): 3716–3721.
Zhang, W. and C. Y. Cheng (2007). “Manganese metal-
lurgy review. Part I: Leaching of ores/secondary mate-
rials and recovery of electrolytic/chemical manganese
dioxide.” Hydrometallurgy 89(3): 137–159.
Zhang, W. and Cheng, C.Y. (2007). “Manganese metal-
lurgy review. Part II: Manganese separation and recov-
ery from solution.” Hydrometallurgy 89(3): 160–177.
Zhdanov, A.V., Zhuchkov, V.I., Dashevskiy, V.Y. and
Leontyev, L.I. (2015). Waste generation and use in
ferroally production. The Fourteenth International
Ferroalloys Congress. Kiev, Ukraine.
CONCLUSIONS
Laboratory scale experiments were performed to evaluate
the possibility of using Mn containing waste streams to
ultimately produce high pure manganese sulfate monohy-
drate. Two waste streams were processed separately from
acid leaching to MnSO4 crystallisation. Based on the lab
scale tests, Mn can be efficiently leached from mud with
sulfuric acid at room temperature in two hours. The major
impurities present in the PLS were identified as Al, Fe, Ca,
Mg, Si and Zn, considering the potential high purity man-
ganese sulfate monohydrate (HPMSM) production. Al, Fe,
Si and Zn were removed by neutralisation of PLS using
hydrated lime. Multiple cycle solvent extraction method
was used to eliminate Ca and Mg by selectively extracting
Mn from the neutralised PLS. The Mn rich solution was
used for evaporative crystallisation to produce HPMSM.
the produces MnSO4 crystals contained 31.6% of Mn
whilst the specification needs 31.8%. The next stages of the
project will focus on meeting the Grade II and then Grade I
specifications.
REFERENCES
Baumgartner, S.J. and Groot, D.R. (2014). “The recov-
ery of manganese products from ferromanganese
slag using a hydrometallurgical route.” Journal of the
Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy
114: 331–340.
Buruiana, D.L., Obreja, C.-D., Herbei, E.E. and
Ghisman, V. (2021). “Re-Use of Silico-Manganese
Slag.” Sustainability 13(21): 11771.
Jephcott, B. (2023). Manganese Market Research Report,
Golden Gragon Capital.
Kaabomeir, S. (2023). “Ferromanaganese Slag:
Transforming Waste material into Resource.”
Retrieved Jan 2024, 2024, from https://parsferro.com
/ferromanganese-slag/.
Kazadi, D.M., Groot, D.R., Steenkamp, J.D. and
Pöllmann, H. (2016). “Control of silica polymerisation
during ferromanganese slag sulphuric acid digestion
and water leaching.” Hydrometallurgy 166: 214–221.
Kihlblom, C. (2021). Synergistic solvent extraction of
manganese(II) with a mixture of Cyanex 272 and
Cyanex 301 from chloride solutions, Boliden Mineral
Lab.
Mendonça de Araujo, J. A., Reis de Castro, Maria d. M.,
&Cunha Lins, V. d. F. (2006). Reuse of furnace fines
of ferro alloy in the electrolytic manganese production.
Hydrometallurgy, 84(3), 204–210.
Mohanty, J.K., Sahoo, P.K., Nathsarma, K.C., Panda, D.
and Paramguru, R.K. (1998). “Characterization and
leaching of ferromanganese slag.pdf.” Minerals and
Metallurgical Processing 15(3): 30–33.
Momade, F.W.Y. (1996). “Sulphuric acid leaching of the
Nsuta manganese carbonate ore.” Hydrometallurgy
40(1): 123–134.
Monhemius, J. (1977). “Precipitation diagrams for metal
hydroxides, sulfates, arsenates and phosphates.”
Transactions of the Institution of Mining &Metallurgy
86: C202–C206.
Naganoor, P.C., Prasanna, A.S.R., Shivaprasad, K.H. and
Bhat, K.L. (2000). “Extraction of manganese from
Ferro-manganese slag.” Processing of Fines 2: 300–306.
Önal, M. A. R., L. Panda, P. Kopparthi, V. Singh, P.
Venkatesan and C. R. Borra (2021). «Hydrometallurgical
Production of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide (EMD)
from Furnace Fines.» Minerals 11(7): 712.
Pakarinen, J. and Paatero, E. (2011). “Effect of temperature
on Mn–Ca selectivity with organophosphorus acid
extractants.” Hydrometallurgy 106(3): 159–164.
Rama Murthy, Y., Kapure, G.U., Tripathy, S.K. and
Sahu, G.P. (2018). “Recycling of ferromanganese gas
cleaning plant (GCP) sludge by novel agglomeration.”
Waste Management 80: 457–465.
S.Gaal, Tangstad, M. and Ravary, B. (2010). Recycling
of waste materails from the production of FeMn and
SiMn. The Twelfth International Ferroalloys Congress.
Helsinki, Finland.
Solvay Cyanex 272 Extractant Brochure. Solvay.
Winjobi, O. and Kelly, J.C. (2021). Update of the
Manganese pathway in GREET ® 2021. U.S. Dept.
of Energy. Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont,
Illinoise, US, Argonne National Laboratory: 1–7.
Yan, S. and Y. Qiu (2014). “Preparation of electronic grade
manganese sulfate from leaching solution of ferroman-
ganese slag.” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of
China 24(11): 3716–3721.
Zhang, W. and C. Y. Cheng (2007). “Manganese metal-
lurgy review. Part I: Leaching of ores/secondary mate-
rials and recovery of electrolytic/chemical manganese
dioxide.” Hydrometallurgy 89(3): 137–159.
Zhang, W. and Cheng, C.Y. (2007). “Manganese metal-
lurgy review. Part II: Manganese separation and recov-
ery from solution.” Hydrometallurgy 89(3): 160–177.
Zhdanov, A.V., Zhuchkov, V.I., Dashevskiy, V.Y. and
Leontyev, L.I. (2015). Waste generation and use in
ferroally production. The Fourteenth International
Ferroalloys Congress. Kiev, Ukraine.