XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 3421
Figure 2. Extraction of metals by Cyanex 272 at different pH from sulfate solutions. Image copied from Cyanex 272 brochure
(Solvay) and (Kihlblom, 2021)
Figure 3. Conventional Mn ore process flow sheet based on various published data
Table 1. Ferromanganese and silicomanganese waste treatment options. Copied from (Gaal et al., 2010)
Treatment
%Waste to Be
Deposited
%Mn Recovered to
Process Product Technological Risk
Landfill 100 0 None None
Mountain cavern 100 0 None None
Hydrometallurgy 50 50 MnSO4 unknown
Briquetting 0 100 Mn alloy Poor furnace operation
Direct injection 0 100 Mn alloy Poor furnace operation
Sintering 10 90 Mn alloy Poor furnace operation
Solid state reduction 0–5 95 Mn ore substitute Operation of rotary hearth furnace
may be difficult
Oxyfines burner 5–10 90 High Mn slag O2 is expensive. Fume not known.
Melting – slag 0–10 95 High Mn slag Drying and calcining
Melting – alloy 10–15 95 Mn alloy
Figure 2. Extraction of metals by Cyanex 272 at different pH from sulfate solutions. Image copied from Cyanex 272 brochure
(Solvay) and (Kihlblom, 2021)
Figure 3. Conventional Mn ore process flow sheet based on various published data
Table 1. Ferromanganese and silicomanganese waste treatment options. Copied from (Gaal et al., 2010)
Treatment
%Waste to Be
Deposited
%Mn Recovered to
Process Product Technological Risk
Landfill 100 0 None None
Mountain cavern 100 0 None None
Hydrometallurgy 50 50 MnSO4 unknown
Briquetting 0 100 Mn alloy Poor furnace operation
Direct injection 0 100 Mn alloy Poor furnace operation
Sintering 10 90 Mn alloy Poor furnace operation
Solid state reduction 0–5 95 Mn ore substitute Operation of rotary hearth furnace
may be difficult
Oxyfines burner 5–10 90 High Mn slag O2 is expensive. Fume not known.
Melting – slag 0–10 95 High Mn slag Drying and calcining
Melting – alloy 10–15 95 Mn alloy