3404 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
Fleming, A., 2023. 2023 will be the year the auto indus-
try secures manganese. Benchmark Miner. Intell. URL
https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/2023
-will-be-the-year-the-auto-industry-secures-manganese
(accessed 1.21.24).
Geldenhuys, A., 2023. K.Hill Battery-Grade Manganese
Project Preliminary Economic Assessment.
Hariprasad, D., Dash, B., Ghosh, M.K., Anand, S., 2007.
Leaching of manganese ores using sawdust as a reduc-
tant. Miner. Eng. 20, 1293–1295. doi: 10.1016/j.
mineng.2007.07.013.
Harris, M., Meyer, D.M., Auerswald, K., 1977. The pro-
duction of electrolytic manganese in South Africa. J.
South Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. 77, 137–142.
He, Ke-jie, Su, S., Ding, S., Sun, W., 2018. Formation
characteristics of dithionate and sulfate ions in
the pyrolusite leaching process with SO2. React.
Kinet. Mech. Catal. 123, 757–770. doi: 10.1007
/s11144-018-1365-5.
He, Kejie, Su, S., Ding, S., Weiyi, Sun, 2018. Oxidation of
SO 2 by O
2 and Its Effects on Dithionate Formation
during Pyrolusite Leaching Process with Mixture Gas
Containing SO
2 and O
2 .ChemistrySelect 3, 13154–
13160. doi: 10.1002/slct.201801894.
Kallam, V.K.R., Pandey, N., Tripathy, S.K., Biswas, A.,
2022. Selective Recovery of Manganese from Low-
Grade Ferruginous Manganese Ores Through SO2
Leaching. Min. Metall. Explor. 39, 1285–1295. doi:
10.1007/s42461-022-00599-9.
Kim, M.J., Tran, T., 2015. Method for Producing High-
Purity Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate. US 2015O1
10692A1.
Konighofer, T., 2004. Reductive Leaching of Manganese
Dioxide with Glucose.
Lin, Q., Gu, G., Wang, H., Wang, C., Liu, Y., Zhu, R., Fu,
J., 2016. Separation of manganese from calcium and
magnesium in sulfate solutions via carbonate precipi-
tation. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 26, 1118–
1125. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(16)64210-3.
Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2021.
Nadimi, H., Karazmoudeh, N.J., 2021. Selective
Separation and Purification of Mn from Co and
Ni in Waste Mobile Phone Lithium-Ion Batteries
Using D2EHAP via Solvent Extraction Method.
J. Sustain. Metall. 7, 653–663. doi: 10.1007
/s40831-021-00371-1.
Naik, P.K., Nathsarma, K.C., Das, S.C., Misra, V.N.,
2003. Leaching of low grade Joda manganese
ore with sulphur dioxide in aqueous medium.
Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. 112, 131–134. doi:
10.1179/037195503225002817.
Nayl, A.A., Ismail, I.M., Aly, H.F., 2011. Recovery of
pure MnSO4∙H2O by reductive leaching of manga-
nese from pyrolusite ore by sulfuric acid and hydrogen
peroxide. Int. J. Miner. Process. 100, 116–123. doi:
10.1016/j.minpro.2011.05.003.
Qu, B., Deng, L., Deng, B., He, K., Liao, B., Su, S., 2018.
Oxidation kinetics of dithionate compound in the
leaching process of manganese dioxide with manganese
dithionate. React. Kinet. Mech. Catal. 123, 743–755.
doi: 10.1007/s11144-017-1284-x.
Roy, S., 1968. Mineralogy of the different genetic types of
manganese deposits. Econ. Geol. 63, 760–786. doi:
10.2113/gsecongeo.63.7.760.
Sahoo, R.N., Naik, P.K., Das, S.C., 2001. Leaching of
manganese from low-grade manganese ore using
oxalic acid as reductant in sulphuric acid solu-
tion. Hydrometallurgy 62, 157–163. doi: 10.1016
/S0304-386X(01)00196-7.
Sinha, M.K., Purcell, W., 2019. Reducing agents in the
leaching of manganese ores: A comprehensive review.
Hydrometallurgy 187, 168–186. doi: 10.1016/j.
hydromet.2019.05.021.
Sole, K., 2008. Solvent extraction in the hydrometallurgical
processing and purification of metals: process design
and selected applications. Solvent Extr. Liq. Membr.
Fundam. Appl. New Mater. 141–200.
Sole, K.C. and Cole, P.M., 2001. Purification of Nickel
by Solvent Extraction, In Ion Exchange and Solvent
Extraction, vol. 15, chapter 3, New York: Marcel
Dekker.
Steenkamp, J.D., Basson, J., 2012. The manganese ferroal-
loys industry in southern Africa. J. South. Afr. Inst.
Min. Metall. 113, 667–676.
Su, H., Wen, Y., Wang, F., Sun, Y., Tong, Z., 2008.
Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade man-
ganese ore in H2SO4 using cane molasses as reduc-
tant. Hydrometallurgy 93, 136–139. doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2008.01.001.
Toro, N., Herrera, N., Castillo, J., Torres, C., Sepúlveda,
R., 2018. Initial Investigation into the Leaching of
Manganese from Nodules at Room Temperature
with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of
Foundry Slag—Part I. Minerals 8, 565. doi: 10.3390
/min8120565.
Fleming, A., 2023. 2023 will be the year the auto indus-
try secures manganese. Benchmark Miner. Intell. URL
https://source.benchmarkminerals.com/article/2023
-will-be-the-year-the-auto-industry-secures-manganese
(accessed 1.21.24).
Geldenhuys, A., 2023. K.Hill Battery-Grade Manganese
Project Preliminary Economic Assessment.
Hariprasad, D., Dash, B., Ghosh, M.K., Anand, S., 2007.
Leaching of manganese ores using sawdust as a reduc-
tant. Miner. Eng. 20, 1293–1295. doi: 10.1016/j.
mineng.2007.07.013.
Harris, M., Meyer, D.M., Auerswald, K., 1977. The pro-
duction of electrolytic manganese in South Africa. J.
South Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. 77, 137–142.
He, Ke-jie, Su, S., Ding, S., Sun, W., 2018. Formation
characteristics of dithionate and sulfate ions in
the pyrolusite leaching process with SO2. React.
Kinet. Mech. Catal. 123, 757–770. doi: 10.1007
/s11144-018-1365-5.
He, Kejie, Su, S., Ding, S., Weiyi, Sun, 2018. Oxidation of
SO 2 by O
2 and Its Effects on Dithionate Formation
during Pyrolusite Leaching Process with Mixture Gas
Containing SO
2 and O
2 .ChemistrySelect 3, 13154–
13160. doi: 10.1002/slct.201801894.
Kallam, V.K.R., Pandey, N., Tripathy, S.K., Biswas, A.,
2022. Selective Recovery of Manganese from Low-
Grade Ferruginous Manganese Ores Through SO2
Leaching. Min. Metall. Explor. 39, 1285–1295. doi:
10.1007/s42461-022-00599-9.
Kim, M.J., Tran, T., 2015. Method for Producing High-
Purity Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate. US 2015O1
10692A1.
Konighofer, T., 2004. Reductive Leaching of Manganese
Dioxide with Glucose.
Lin, Q., Gu, G., Wang, H., Wang, C., Liu, Y., Zhu, R., Fu,
J., 2016. Separation of manganese from calcium and
magnesium in sulfate solutions via carbonate precipi-
tation. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 26, 1118–
1125. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(16)64210-3.
Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2021.
Nadimi, H., Karazmoudeh, N.J., 2021. Selective
Separation and Purification of Mn from Co and
Ni in Waste Mobile Phone Lithium-Ion Batteries
Using D2EHAP via Solvent Extraction Method.
J. Sustain. Metall. 7, 653–663. doi: 10.1007
/s40831-021-00371-1.
Naik, P.K., Nathsarma, K.C., Das, S.C., Misra, V.N.,
2003. Leaching of low grade Joda manganese
ore with sulphur dioxide in aqueous medium.
Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. 112, 131–134. doi:
10.1179/037195503225002817.
Nayl, A.A., Ismail, I.M., Aly, H.F., 2011. Recovery of
pure MnSO4∙H2O by reductive leaching of manga-
nese from pyrolusite ore by sulfuric acid and hydrogen
peroxide. Int. J. Miner. Process. 100, 116–123. doi:
10.1016/j.minpro.2011.05.003.
Qu, B., Deng, L., Deng, B., He, K., Liao, B., Su, S., 2018.
Oxidation kinetics of dithionate compound in the
leaching process of manganese dioxide with manganese
dithionate. React. Kinet. Mech. Catal. 123, 743–755.
doi: 10.1007/s11144-017-1284-x.
Roy, S., 1968. Mineralogy of the different genetic types of
manganese deposits. Econ. Geol. 63, 760–786. doi:
10.2113/gsecongeo.63.7.760.
Sahoo, R.N., Naik, P.K., Das, S.C., 2001. Leaching of
manganese from low-grade manganese ore using
oxalic acid as reductant in sulphuric acid solu-
tion. Hydrometallurgy 62, 157–163. doi: 10.1016
/S0304-386X(01)00196-7.
Sinha, M.K., Purcell, W., 2019. Reducing agents in the
leaching of manganese ores: A comprehensive review.
Hydrometallurgy 187, 168–186. doi: 10.1016/j.
hydromet.2019.05.021.
Sole, K., 2008. Solvent extraction in the hydrometallurgical
processing and purification of metals: process design
and selected applications. Solvent Extr. Liq. Membr.
Fundam. Appl. New Mater. 141–200.
Sole, K.C. and Cole, P.M., 2001. Purification of Nickel
by Solvent Extraction, In Ion Exchange and Solvent
Extraction, vol. 15, chapter 3, New York: Marcel
Dekker.
Steenkamp, J.D., Basson, J., 2012. The manganese ferroal-
loys industry in southern Africa. J. South. Afr. Inst.
Min. Metall. 113, 667–676.
Su, H., Wen, Y., Wang, F., Sun, Y., Tong, Z., 2008.
Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade man-
ganese ore in H2SO4 using cane molasses as reduc-
tant. Hydrometallurgy 93, 136–139. doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2008.01.001.
Toro, N., Herrera, N., Castillo, J., Torres, C., Sepúlveda,
R., 2018. Initial Investigation into the Leaching of
Manganese from Nodules at Room Temperature
with the Use of Sulfuric Acid and the Addition of
Foundry Slag—Part I. Minerals 8, 565. doi: 10.3390
/min8120565.