3244 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
(Martens and Goldmann, 2011) or pyrolysis (Windisch-
Kern et al., 2022). However, the influence on the stability
of the current collector foils caused by pyrolysis is not yet
answered.
For the further treatment of the electrodes in order to
delaminate them, high speed mills are needed. Therefore,
the share of casing in the fraction no matter which mate-
rial type should be as low as possible to avoid damage
(Diekmann et al., 2016). For the investigated process
an air speed of 6.4 m/s is applied to remove the casing.
Looking at the recovery curves of the casing in Figure 4a
a significant trend cannot be observed. As casing material
is still in the heavy fraction at the highest investigated air
speed the recovery curves do not match 100%. Although
the casing of C2 is made of steel (Figure 1a), the recover-
ies can be found in the same ranges as the other cells. A
possible explanation is the thin casing of C2 with 0.4 mm
(Figure 1a). It should be noted that the progression and
steepness of the curves differ. C2 shows the greatest slope
(Figure 3a) and the greatest recoveries in the casing fraction
with 98% (Figure 4b). A reason may be that in the smaller
settling velocity classes 4.4 -8.6 m/s the pieces of the casing
are quite similar in size and shape thus, the density pays a
more important role (Kaas et al., 2022). Consequently, the
steel particles have a higher probability to be transferred to
the heavy fraction. A closer look at the recoveries reveals
that P1 shows the smallest values. This can be explained by
the thin casing of 0.53 mm. From the result it can be con-
cluded, that the recovery of the LIB with aluminium casing
rises with the thickness. Generally, the recovery of the cas-
ing metals to the casing fraction with a ZZAC is suitable.
Black Mass
After both classifications black mass 1 and black mass 2
are merged together. In Figure 5a the output of the first
(I) and second (II) black mass is displayed in relation to
the cell mass. Furthermore, the output of the MeO (P1-
P6, C2) or MeP (C3) and the impurity of Cu in the black
mass are shown. The outputs can be related to the content
of coating in the cell. It is important to recognise, that the
components, that are missing in order to achieve complete
yield are carbon components, which are not detectable by
the ICP-OES. These originate largely from the graphite
of the anode. However, the binder and contamination by
plastic must also be taken into account in the proportion.
Unfortunately, it was not possible for C2 to calculate the
possible output.
Figure 3. Composition (a) of the separator product and the recovery of separator (b) to this product
(Martens and Goldmann, 2011) or pyrolysis (Windisch-
Kern et al., 2022). However, the influence on the stability
of the current collector foils caused by pyrolysis is not yet
answered.
For the further treatment of the electrodes in order to
delaminate them, high speed mills are needed. Therefore,
the share of casing in the fraction no matter which mate-
rial type should be as low as possible to avoid damage
(Diekmann et al., 2016). For the investigated process
an air speed of 6.4 m/s is applied to remove the casing.
Looking at the recovery curves of the casing in Figure 4a
a significant trend cannot be observed. As casing material
is still in the heavy fraction at the highest investigated air
speed the recovery curves do not match 100%. Although
the casing of C2 is made of steel (Figure 1a), the recover-
ies can be found in the same ranges as the other cells. A
possible explanation is the thin casing of C2 with 0.4 mm
(Figure 1a). It should be noted that the progression and
steepness of the curves differ. C2 shows the greatest slope
(Figure 3a) and the greatest recoveries in the casing fraction
with 98% (Figure 4b). A reason may be that in the smaller
settling velocity classes 4.4 -8.6 m/s the pieces of the casing
are quite similar in size and shape thus, the density pays a
more important role (Kaas et al., 2022). Consequently, the
steel particles have a higher probability to be transferred to
the heavy fraction. A closer look at the recoveries reveals
that P1 shows the smallest values. This can be explained by
the thin casing of 0.53 mm. From the result it can be con-
cluded, that the recovery of the LIB with aluminium casing
rises with the thickness. Generally, the recovery of the cas-
ing metals to the casing fraction with a ZZAC is suitable.
Black Mass
After both classifications black mass 1 and black mass 2
are merged together. In Figure 5a the output of the first
(I) and second (II) black mass is displayed in relation to
the cell mass. Furthermore, the output of the MeO (P1-
P6, C2) or MeP (C3) and the impurity of Cu in the black
mass are shown. The outputs can be related to the content
of coating in the cell. It is important to recognise, that the
components, that are missing in order to achieve complete
yield are carbon components, which are not detectable by
the ICP-OES. These originate largely from the graphite
of the anode. However, the binder and contamination by
plastic must also be taken into account in the proportion.
Unfortunately, it was not possible for C2 to calculate the
possible output.
Figure 3. Composition (a) of the separator product and the recovery of separator (b) to this product