XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 3197
XRD, FTIR and XPS Analyses of Anode and Cathode
Materials after Plasma Treatment
XRD results of the anode and cathode materials before and
after plasma treatment are shown in Figure 2 (a) and (b).
After plasma treatment, the phases of the anode electrode
(graphite) and cathode (NCM811) electrode material are
similar to those before treatment, indicating that low-
temperature plasma surface modification has no significant
influence on structural properties of the anode and cathode
materials.
FTIR results of anode and cathode materials before
and after plasma treatment are presented in Figure 2 (c)
and (d). As seen from Figure 2 (c), after plasma treatment,
a new peak appeared at a wavelength of 870 cm–1 is gener-
ated, which is the C-H stretching peak. Thus, the intro-
duction of new hydrophobic groups (C-H) can be helpful
for increasing the hydrophobicity of the anode material.
Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is commonly used as
organic binder in the preparation anode electrode sheet,
which is directly related to the presence of C-H peaks (Lee
et al., 2018 Zhang et al., 2019). As seen from Figure 2 (c),
there is a characteristic absorption peak of the benzene ring
at 1575 cm–1 for the anode material before plasma treat-
ment, which indicates that SBR is the binder adhered on
anode material surfaces. After plasma treatment, the dis-
appearance of the peak of 1575 cm–1 reveals that SBR is
destroyed. Thus, the exposure of the original graphite sur-
face of the anode material become more and more, which
is conducive to improving the hydrophobicity of the anode
material with plasma treatment.
For Figure 2 (d), a new peak with a wavelength of
1081 cm–1 is generated in the cathode material after plasma
Figure 2. XRD patters of anode (a) and cathode (b) materials without and with plasma treatment, FTIR results of anode (c)
and cathode (d) materials without and with plasma treatment
XRD, FTIR and XPS Analyses of Anode and Cathode
Materials after Plasma Treatment
XRD results of the anode and cathode materials before and
after plasma treatment are shown in Figure 2 (a) and (b).
After plasma treatment, the phases of the anode electrode
(graphite) and cathode (NCM811) electrode material are
similar to those before treatment, indicating that low-
temperature plasma surface modification has no significant
influence on structural properties of the anode and cathode
materials.
FTIR results of anode and cathode materials before
and after plasma treatment are presented in Figure 2 (c)
and (d). As seen from Figure 2 (c), after plasma treatment,
a new peak appeared at a wavelength of 870 cm–1 is gener-
ated, which is the C-H stretching peak. Thus, the intro-
duction of new hydrophobic groups (C-H) can be helpful
for increasing the hydrophobicity of the anode material.
Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) is commonly used as
organic binder in the preparation anode electrode sheet,
which is directly related to the presence of C-H peaks (Lee
et al., 2018 Zhang et al., 2019). As seen from Figure 2 (c),
there is a characteristic absorption peak of the benzene ring
at 1575 cm–1 for the anode material before plasma treat-
ment, which indicates that SBR is the binder adhered on
anode material surfaces. After plasma treatment, the dis-
appearance of the peak of 1575 cm–1 reveals that SBR is
destroyed. Thus, the exposure of the original graphite sur-
face of the anode material become more and more, which
is conducive to improving the hydrophobicity of the anode
material with plasma treatment.
For Figure 2 (d), a new peak with a wavelength of
1081 cm–1 is generated in the cathode material after plasma
Figure 2. XRD patters of anode (a) and cathode (b) materials without and with plasma treatment, FTIR results of anode (c)
and cathode (d) materials without and with plasma treatment