3136 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
flotation cell were dried and weighed respectively, and the
recovery was calculated.
For artificial mixed minerals (The mass ratio of galena
and pyrite was 1:1), the lead and iron grade of the concen-
trates or tailings were analyzed by chemical method and the
recovery was obtained by yield and grade.
Zeta Potential Test
The zeta potential of galena and pyrite before and after
interaction with different reagents was measured on a
Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern, England). Each test, 30mg
sample of galena or pyrite was placed in a beaker and added
35 mL 0.01 mol/L potassium chloride (KCl) solution as
background electrolyte and put the pulp on a magnetic stir-
rer. Then, adjust the pulp according to the flotation process.
After the reaction of pulp and reagents was completed, the
pulp solution was left standing for 5 min, and then 5 mL
of the supernatant was extracted with a injector into the
sample pool to measure its zeta potential. The experiment
was repeated three times under each test condition, and the
final result was the average value of the three times.
Contact Angle Test
The contact angle of galena and pyrite before and after
interaction with different reagents was measured on a con-
tact angle instrument analysis system (JY-82C). First, the
bulk pure minerals of galena and pyrite with high purity
and good crystallization were selected and cut into regular
cube by cutting machine. Then, the mineral surface was
polished from coarse to fine with different fineness sand-
paper and the mineral surface was repeatedly rinsed with
distilled water and dried with high purity nitrogen. Each
test, the samples were added in beaker with 35 mL distilled
water and placed on a magnetic agitator. The correspond-
ing reagents were added in the contact angle test accord-
ing to the flotation process, the reagent concentration was
consistent with the flotation, and the reaction time of each
reagent was 10min. Finally, the samples were taken out
with tweezers, washed three times with distilled water, and
then the sample was air-dried with ultra-pure nitrogen and
place on the loading platform of the measuring instrument
for measurement. The contact angle was measured by a ses-
sile drop method. After the measurement was completed,
the surface of the mineral crystal sample was polished for
the next test.
Raman Spectroscopy Measurement
The Raman spectroscopy of galena and pyrite with and
without depressant was studied by Raman laser spectrome-
ter (Renishaw 2000). Each test, 1.0 g of the mineral sample
was added to 40 mL flotation cell, and the pH was adjusted
to about 9. Then, the depressant were added and the slurry
Table 1. Main chemical composition of mineral samples
Minerals
Mass Fraction, %
Pb Fe S Zn O Mg Al Si Ca
Galena 83.67 — 13.02 0.69 2.27 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.23
Pyrite — 44.45 50.04 — 3.01 0.15 1.48 0.83 0.05
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Galena
2-Theta (°)
(a)
G
G
G
G
G G G
G
G
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
P
P PP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Pyrite
(b)
2-Theta (°)
Figure 1. XRD spectra of galena (a) and pyrite (b)
In
tensit(Counts)
y
I
nsity(Counts)
flotation cell were dried and weighed respectively, and the
recovery was calculated.
For artificial mixed minerals (The mass ratio of galena
and pyrite was 1:1), the lead and iron grade of the concen-
trates or tailings were analyzed by chemical method and the
recovery was obtained by yield and grade.
Zeta Potential Test
The zeta potential of galena and pyrite before and after
interaction with different reagents was measured on a
Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern, England). Each test, 30mg
sample of galena or pyrite was placed in a beaker and added
35 mL 0.01 mol/L potassium chloride (KCl) solution as
background electrolyte and put the pulp on a magnetic stir-
rer. Then, adjust the pulp according to the flotation process.
After the reaction of pulp and reagents was completed, the
pulp solution was left standing for 5 min, and then 5 mL
of the supernatant was extracted with a injector into the
sample pool to measure its zeta potential. The experiment
was repeated three times under each test condition, and the
final result was the average value of the three times.
Contact Angle Test
The contact angle of galena and pyrite before and after
interaction with different reagents was measured on a con-
tact angle instrument analysis system (JY-82C). First, the
bulk pure minerals of galena and pyrite with high purity
and good crystallization were selected and cut into regular
cube by cutting machine. Then, the mineral surface was
polished from coarse to fine with different fineness sand-
paper and the mineral surface was repeatedly rinsed with
distilled water and dried with high purity nitrogen. Each
test, the samples were added in beaker with 35 mL distilled
water and placed on a magnetic agitator. The correspond-
ing reagents were added in the contact angle test accord-
ing to the flotation process, the reagent concentration was
consistent with the flotation, and the reaction time of each
reagent was 10min. Finally, the samples were taken out
with tweezers, washed three times with distilled water, and
then the sample was air-dried with ultra-pure nitrogen and
place on the loading platform of the measuring instrument
for measurement. The contact angle was measured by a ses-
sile drop method. After the measurement was completed,
the surface of the mineral crystal sample was polished for
the next test.
Raman Spectroscopy Measurement
The Raman spectroscopy of galena and pyrite with and
without depressant was studied by Raman laser spectrome-
ter (Renishaw 2000). Each test, 1.0 g of the mineral sample
was added to 40 mL flotation cell, and the pH was adjusted
to about 9. Then, the depressant were added and the slurry
Table 1. Main chemical composition of mineral samples
Minerals
Mass Fraction, %
Pb Fe S Zn O Mg Al Si Ca
Galena 83.67 — 13.02 0.69 2.27 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.23
Pyrite — 44.45 50.04 — 3.01 0.15 1.48 0.83 0.05
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Galena
2-Theta (°)
(a)
G
G
G
G
G G G
G
G
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
P
P PP
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Pyrite
(b)
2-Theta (°)
Figure 1. XRD spectra of galena (a) and pyrite (b)
In
tensit(Counts)
y
I
nsity(Counts)