2798 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulent
kinetic energy dissipation rate (TKEDR) are the two main
parameters that are used in fundamental flotation models.
The turbulent kinetic energy was calculated from the root
mean square of the fluctuations in the fluid velocity mea-
sured by CTA. Local turbulent kinetic energy values are
shown in Figure 6 for the 5 L cell at 1024 rpm and for the
60 L cell at 550 rpm. The turbulent kinetic energy reaches
its maximum value at the level of the impeller in both cells.
The maximum TKE is located at RD (relative distance
from the wall) 47%, the second highest TKE is at RD 35%,
and the third highest TKE is located at RD 24% in both
cells. This shows the similarity of TKE measurements in
terms of RD. Notably, the impeller tip’s velocity is higher
in the 5 L cell. The TKEDR values are very similar in both
cells, when compared at the same relative distances from
the wall. Figure 7 shows the maximum TKEDR located at
RD 47%, the second highest TKEDR at RD 35%, and the
third highest TKEDR at RD 24% in both cells. This shows
the similarity of TKEDR measurements in terms of RD.
The output of the hot wire sensor is an analog volt-
age with a very high temporal resolution that has very little
information loss during sampling, making it well-suited for
spectra analysis. The weak point of a hot wire probe is that
it is susceptible to environmental factors such as tempera-
ture change and solid contamination.
Piezoelectric Vibration Sensor (PVS)
A Piezoelectric Vibration Sensor (PVS) converts mechani-
cal vibrations into electrical signals. If the sensor is based on
(a)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Turbulent Kineg415c Energy (m2/s2)
5 L Cell, 1024 RPM, Plane E
24
35
47
68
100 0 mmmm
RD 100%
mmmm
RD 68%
mmmm
RD 47%
mmmm
RD 35%
mmmm
RD 24%
(b)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Turbulent Kineg415c Energy (m2/s2)
60 L Cell, 550 RPM, Plane E 50
74
99
144 mm
211 mm 2
RD 100%
1
RD 68%
9 mmmm
RD 47%
7 mmmm
RD 35%
5 mmmm
RD 24%
Figure 6. Turbulent kinetic energy values on plane E (east direction) at different heights in 5 L (a)
and 60 L (b) cells (error bars indicate the 97.7% confidence interval)
Height(mm)
Height(mm)
The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and turbulent
kinetic energy dissipation rate (TKEDR) are the two main
parameters that are used in fundamental flotation models.
The turbulent kinetic energy was calculated from the root
mean square of the fluctuations in the fluid velocity mea-
sured by CTA. Local turbulent kinetic energy values are
shown in Figure 6 for the 5 L cell at 1024 rpm and for the
60 L cell at 550 rpm. The turbulent kinetic energy reaches
its maximum value at the level of the impeller in both cells.
The maximum TKE is located at RD (relative distance
from the wall) 47%, the second highest TKE is at RD 35%,
and the third highest TKE is located at RD 24% in both
cells. This shows the similarity of TKE measurements in
terms of RD. Notably, the impeller tip’s velocity is higher
in the 5 L cell. The TKEDR values are very similar in both
cells, when compared at the same relative distances from
the wall. Figure 7 shows the maximum TKEDR located at
RD 47%, the second highest TKEDR at RD 35%, and the
third highest TKEDR at RD 24% in both cells. This shows
the similarity of TKEDR measurements in terms of RD.
The output of the hot wire sensor is an analog volt-
age with a very high temporal resolution that has very little
information loss during sampling, making it well-suited for
spectra analysis. The weak point of a hot wire probe is that
it is susceptible to environmental factors such as tempera-
ture change and solid contamination.
Piezoelectric Vibration Sensor (PVS)
A Piezoelectric Vibration Sensor (PVS) converts mechani-
cal vibrations into electrical signals. If the sensor is based on
(a)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Turbulent Kineg415c Energy (m2/s2)
5 L Cell, 1024 RPM, Plane E
24
35
47
68
100 0 mmmm
RD 100%
mmmm
RD 68%
mmmm
RD 47%
mmmm
RD 35%
mmmm
RD 24%
(b)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Turbulent Kineg415c Energy (m2/s2)
60 L Cell, 550 RPM, Plane E 50
74
99
144 mm
211 mm 2
RD 100%
1
RD 68%
9 mmmm
RD 47%
7 mmmm
RD 35%
5 mmmm
RD 24%
Figure 6. Turbulent kinetic energy values on plane E (east direction) at different heights in 5 L (a)
and 60 L (b) cells (error bars indicate the 97.7% confidence interval)
Height(mm)
Height(mm)