2754 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
Infrared Spectral Analysis
The prerequisite for introducing micro-nano bubbles to
enhance the flotation separation of chlorite and hematite
is the control of mineral surface properties. Therefore, ana-
lyzing the mode of action of pharmaceuticals on mineral
surfaces can clarify their application effects. The infrared
spectrum shown in Figures 6 and 7 was used to analyze the
properties of the reagent and its interaction with the min-
eral surface. It can be seen from Figure 6 that the absorp-
tion peaks located at 860.48cm–1 and 765.55cm–1 are the
4C1 chair-like conformation in the starch structure (Singh
et al., 2009). 1372.73cm–1 is considered to be the bending
vibration of the C-OH of the glucose unit at the C6 posi-
tion in the starch structure (Pielesz et al., 2011). Located at
1649.45cm–1 and 3421.32cm–1, they are the C-O-C and
-OH vibrations in the starch structure, respectively (Bai
et al., 2019 Kacurakova et al., 2000). The vibrations of
the -CH3 and -CH2 groups located at 2925.33cm–1 and
2854.68cm–1, as well as the -COOH group at 1716.68cm–1
and the C-Br group at 677.74cm–1, can prove that the
reagent is α-BLA (Fox and Whitesell, 2004).
It can be seen from the infrared spectrum shown in
Figure 7 that compared with untreated chlorite, no new
characteristic absorption peaks appear in the starch-
treated chlorite. However, after the co-treatment of starch
and α-BLA, new absorption peaks at 2919.5cm–1 and
2851.7cm–1 appeared in the infrared spectrum of chlorite.
This result indicates that starch does not adsorb on the sur-
face of chlorite or has less adsorption, resulting in its unde-
tectable state. α-BLA can stably adsorb on the surface of
chlorite after the action of starch, improving its floatability.
This result is consistent with the flotation experiments. The
difference appeared under the conditions, the characteristic
absorption peak of starch at around 1654cm–1 (C-O-C)
appeared in the infrared spectrum of hematite. This shows
that starch can be adsorbed on the surface of hematite hin-
dering the adsorption of α-BLA on its surface.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis
In order to further reveal the adsorption mechanism of
reagents and minerals, XPS was used to analyze the relative
atomic concentration on the mineral surface. As shown in
Figure 8, there are no new elements appeared on the hema-
tite surface after the interaction of Ca2+ and α-BLA. It can
be seen from Table 2 that compared with the surface of
untreated hematite, the relative concentration of C atoms
on the surface after starch treatment increased significantly.
At the same time, the relative atomic concentrations of
Fe and O decreased, indicating that starch can adsorb to
hematite through the Fe sites on the surface (Moreira et al.,
2017). On the contrary, under the joint action of starch,
40
60
80
Starch
3421.32 -OH
2927.81
-CH
1649.45
C-O-C
1372.73
C-OH
1158.61
C-O-C
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
20
40
60
80
Wavenumber (cm-1)
2925.33
2854.68
1716.68
677.74
-CH3
-CH2
-COOH
C-Br
Figure 6. Infrared spectra of α-BLA and starch
20
40
60
80 Chlorite
20
40
60
80 Chlorite+starch
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
20
40
60
80
Wavenumber (cm-1)
2919.5 2851.7 -CH3
-CH2
60
90
Hematite
545.81
472.25
30
60
90 Hematite +starch
1654.32 543.14
469.53
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 5001656
30
60
90
Wavenumber (cm-1)
1654.24
542.89
468.77
Figure 7. Infrared spectra of mineral surfaces before and after the action of reagents
Transmittance
(%)
Transmittance
(%)Transmittance
(%)
Infrared Spectral Analysis
The prerequisite for introducing micro-nano bubbles to
enhance the flotation separation of chlorite and hematite
is the control of mineral surface properties. Therefore, ana-
lyzing the mode of action of pharmaceuticals on mineral
surfaces can clarify their application effects. The infrared
spectrum shown in Figures 6 and 7 was used to analyze the
properties of the reagent and its interaction with the min-
eral surface. It can be seen from Figure 6 that the absorp-
tion peaks located at 860.48cm–1 and 765.55cm–1 are the
4C1 chair-like conformation in the starch structure (Singh
et al., 2009). 1372.73cm–1 is considered to be the bending
vibration of the C-OH of the glucose unit at the C6 posi-
tion in the starch structure (Pielesz et al., 2011). Located at
1649.45cm–1 and 3421.32cm–1, they are the C-O-C and
-OH vibrations in the starch structure, respectively (Bai
et al., 2019 Kacurakova et al., 2000). The vibrations of
the -CH3 and -CH2 groups located at 2925.33cm–1 and
2854.68cm–1, as well as the -COOH group at 1716.68cm–1
and the C-Br group at 677.74cm–1, can prove that the
reagent is α-BLA (Fox and Whitesell, 2004).
It can be seen from the infrared spectrum shown in
Figure 7 that compared with untreated chlorite, no new
characteristic absorption peaks appear in the starch-
treated chlorite. However, after the co-treatment of starch
and α-BLA, new absorption peaks at 2919.5cm–1 and
2851.7cm–1 appeared in the infrared spectrum of chlorite.
This result indicates that starch does not adsorb on the sur-
face of chlorite or has less adsorption, resulting in its unde-
tectable state. α-BLA can stably adsorb on the surface of
chlorite after the action of starch, improving its floatability.
This result is consistent with the flotation experiments. The
difference appeared under the conditions, the characteristic
absorption peak of starch at around 1654cm–1 (C-O-C)
appeared in the infrared spectrum of hematite. This shows
that starch can be adsorbed on the surface of hematite hin-
dering the adsorption of α-BLA on its surface.
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Analysis
In order to further reveal the adsorption mechanism of
reagents and minerals, XPS was used to analyze the relative
atomic concentration on the mineral surface. As shown in
Figure 8, there are no new elements appeared on the hema-
tite surface after the interaction of Ca2+ and α-BLA. It can
be seen from Table 2 that compared with the surface of
untreated hematite, the relative concentration of C atoms
on the surface after starch treatment increased significantly.
At the same time, the relative atomic concentrations of
Fe and O decreased, indicating that starch can adsorb to
hematite through the Fe sites on the surface (Moreira et al.,
2017). On the contrary, under the joint action of starch,
40
60
80
Starch
3421.32 -OH
2927.81
-CH
1649.45
C-O-C
1372.73
C-OH
1158.61
C-O-C
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
20
40
60
80
Wavenumber (cm-1)
2925.33
2854.68
1716.68
677.74
-CH3
-CH2
-COOH
C-Br
Figure 6. Infrared spectra of α-BLA and starch
20
40
60
80 Chlorite
20
40
60
80 Chlorite+starch
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
20
40
60
80
Wavenumber (cm-1)
2919.5 2851.7 -CH3
-CH2
60
90
Hematite
545.81
472.25
30
60
90 Hematite +starch
1654.32 543.14
469.53
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 5001656
30
60
90
Wavenumber (cm-1)
1654.24
542.89
468.77
Figure 7. Infrared spectra of mineral surfaces before and after the action of reagents
Transmittance
(%)
Transmittance
(%)Transmittance
(%)