XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 2501
The high-resolution S2p XPS spectrum of the galena
surface before and after the treatment with MSA is depicted
in Figure 10(a). As evident from the figure, two distinct
peaks of S 2p are observed in MSA, corresponding to -SH
2p3/2 and -SH 2p1/2 within the molecular structure.
Additionally, the S 2p spectrum of the pure galena mineral
reveals peaks at approximately 160.76eV and 162.12eV,
corresponding to S-Pb 2p3/2 and S-Pb 2p2/1, respectively.
Notably, no other S 2p peaks are observed, indicating the
relatively high purity of the galena sample.
Table 2. Atomic concentration of elements with untreated and treated galena with MSA
Sample
Atomic concentration of elements (atomic%)
C O S Pb
Galena 11.28 9.88 54.14 24.70
MSA 47.28 41.46 11.26 -
Galena+MSA 28.44 17.82 37.43 16.31
Δa 17.16 7.94 -16.71 -8.39
Δa presents the difference value of after and before MSA treatment
170 168 166 164 162 160 158
Experimental
Pb-S 2p3/2(160.76)
Pb-S 2p1/2(162.12)
Background
Fitting
Binding Energy (eV)
Experimental
Pb-S 2p3/2(160.79)
Pb-S 2p1/2(161.99)
-SH 2p3/2(163.64)
-SH 2p3/2(164.95)
Background
Fitting
Experimental
-SH 2p3/2 (162.67)
-SH 2p1/2 (163.89)
Background
Fitting
540 538 536 534 532 530 528 526
Experimental
C-O 1s
C=O 1s
Background
Fitting
Experimental
Pb-O 1s (531.17)
Background
Fitting
Binding Energy(eV)
Experimental
C-O 1s (531.25)
C=O 1s (532.21)
Background
Fitting
294 292 290 288 286 284 282 280
Experimental
C-C 1s (284.80)
Background
Fitting
Binding Energy(eV)
Experimental
C-C 1s (284.80)
O-C=O 1s (288.10)
Background
Fitting
Experimental
O-C=O 1s (288.49)
C-C 1s (284.80)
Background
Fitting
150 148 146 144 142 140 138 136 134
Experimental
Pb 4f7/2 (137.52)
Pb 4f5/2 (142.47)
Background
Fitting
Binding Energy (eV)
Experimental
Pb 4f7/2 (137.24)
Pb 4f5/2 (142.13)
Pb Oxide4f7/2 (138.72)
Pb Oxide4f5/2 (143.41)
Background
Fitting
(a)
(c)
(b)
(d)
Figure 10. The fitted XPS of, S 2p(a), O 1s(b), C 1s(c)and Pb 4f.(d)
Intensity
(a.u.) Intensity(a.u.)
Intensity(a.u.) Intensity(a.u.)
The high-resolution S2p XPS spectrum of the galena
surface before and after the treatment with MSA is depicted
in Figure 10(a). As evident from the figure, two distinct
peaks of S 2p are observed in MSA, corresponding to -SH
2p3/2 and -SH 2p1/2 within the molecular structure.
Additionally, the S 2p spectrum of the pure galena mineral
reveals peaks at approximately 160.76eV and 162.12eV,
corresponding to S-Pb 2p3/2 and S-Pb 2p2/1, respectively.
Notably, no other S 2p peaks are observed, indicating the
relatively high purity of the galena sample.
Table 2. Atomic concentration of elements with untreated and treated galena with MSA
Sample
Atomic concentration of elements (atomic%)
C O S Pb
Galena 11.28 9.88 54.14 24.70
MSA 47.28 41.46 11.26 -
Galena+MSA 28.44 17.82 37.43 16.31
Δa 17.16 7.94 -16.71 -8.39
Δa presents the difference value of after and before MSA treatment
170 168 166 164 162 160 158
Experimental
Pb-S 2p3/2(160.76)
Pb-S 2p1/2(162.12)
Background
Fitting
Binding Energy (eV)
Experimental
Pb-S 2p3/2(160.79)
Pb-S 2p1/2(161.99)
-SH 2p3/2(163.64)
-SH 2p3/2(164.95)
Background
Fitting
Experimental
-SH 2p3/2 (162.67)
-SH 2p1/2 (163.89)
Background
Fitting
540 538 536 534 532 530 528 526
Experimental
C-O 1s
C=O 1s
Background
Fitting
Experimental
Pb-O 1s (531.17)
Background
Fitting
Binding Energy(eV)
Experimental
C-O 1s (531.25)
C=O 1s (532.21)
Background
Fitting
294 292 290 288 286 284 282 280
Experimental
C-C 1s (284.80)
Background
Fitting
Binding Energy(eV)
Experimental
C-C 1s (284.80)
O-C=O 1s (288.10)
Background
Fitting
Experimental
O-C=O 1s (288.49)
C-C 1s (284.80)
Background
Fitting
150 148 146 144 142 140 138 136 134
Experimental
Pb 4f7/2 (137.52)
Pb 4f5/2 (142.47)
Background
Fitting
Binding Energy (eV)
Experimental
Pb 4f7/2 (137.24)
Pb 4f5/2 (142.13)
Pb Oxide4f7/2 (138.72)
Pb Oxide4f5/2 (143.41)
Background
Fitting
(a)
(c)
(b)
(d)
Figure 10. The fitted XPS of, S 2p(a), O 1s(b), C 1s(c)and Pb 4f.(d)
Intensity
(a.u.) Intensity(a.u.)
Intensity(a.u.) Intensity(a.u.)