XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 2129
to decompose and to eliminate the PAX collector adsorbed
onto pyrite surface due to the bulk flotation for further
pyrite depression. These results enable to know that ultra-
sonic treatment is a feasible methodology to be implement
for the decomposition of PAX collector from pyrite surface.
Figure 2b, show the results obtained for DTP collector. It
can be seen that when DTP+ultrasonic (blue line) inter-
acts, there is not a significant change in oxygen content,
this could be due to DTP exhibits resistance to hydrolysis
and oxidation (Tercero et al., 2019). Then, in the case of
pyrite+DTP+ultrasonic (green line) the behavior was the
same as pyrite+PAX+ultrasonic. This could be explained
through the same analysis above mentioned about Fenton
reaction.
Figure 3 exhibits the FT-IR spectra of PAX, pyrite,
pyrite treated with ultrasonic, pyrite treated with PAX, and
pyrite treated with PAX and 20 minutes of ultrasonic. The
PAX spectrum, in the region between 3000 and 2800 cm–1,
with bands corresponding to the –CH group (CH3 at 2984
cm-1, CH2 at 2937 cm-1, and CH3 at 2875 cm-1). The
band at 1750 cm–1 corresponds to C=O binding (bind type
ketone/ aldehyde this bind is characteristic of PAX because
one of the reagents used to prepare the PAX is n-amyl alco-
hol). The bands at 1490–1000 cm–1 and the intense band at
1070 cm–1 correspond to C=S vibration (carbon disulfide)
(Botero et al., 2022). The pyrite ultrasonic spectrum shows
different bands between 1631 and 795 cm–1 attributed to
the formation of ferric oxyhydroxides onto pyrite surface
(these bands are presented in Table 1) (Ghosh et al., 2012
Wang et al., 2018). Then, the pyrite +PAX spectrum shows
the adsorption of collector onto pyrite surface in the region
between 3000 and 2800 cm–1. This is related to the -CH
group vibration. Also, the region between 1400 and 1000
cm–1 shows more interesting interactions between pyrite
and PAX. Therefore, the enhanced area presents the spe-
cies Fe-amylxanthate (FeAX) and dixantogen (AX)2. Under
COC stretching vibration FeAX it was identified at 1125
cm-1 and under C=S stretching vibration, the (AX)2 was
identified at 1025 cm–1 (Botero et al., 2022). This dem-
onstrated the adsorption of PAX collector onto pyrite sur-
face. Finally, the pyrite+PAX+20 min ultrasonic show the
formation of sulfate species (O=S=O) between 1350 and
1450 cm–1 corresponding to asymmetrical stretching, and
between 1150 to 1230 cm-1 corresponding to symmetrical
stretching of sulfate. Between 1750 and 1375 cm–1 it was
identify the C=O stretching vibration characteristic of the
esters, this band confirm the formation of carbonates from
PAX decomposition. The formation of these species dem-
onstrated the decomposition of PAX collector through the
interaction with the H2O2 generated during the ultrasonic
treatment. Therefore, these results enable to conclude that
the 20 minutes of ultrasonic treatment is a suitable time for
the elimination of PAX from pyrite surface.
Figure 3. Infrared spectra of pyrite before and after treatment with PAX and ultrasonic
to decompose and to eliminate the PAX collector adsorbed
onto pyrite surface due to the bulk flotation for further
pyrite depression. These results enable to know that ultra-
sonic treatment is a feasible methodology to be implement
for the decomposition of PAX collector from pyrite surface.
Figure 2b, show the results obtained for DTP collector. It
can be seen that when DTP+ultrasonic (blue line) inter-
acts, there is not a significant change in oxygen content,
this could be due to DTP exhibits resistance to hydrolysis
and oxidation (Tercero et al., 2019). Then, in the case of
pyrite+DTP+ultrasonic (green line) the behavior was the
same as pyrite+PAX+ultrasonic. This could be explained
through the same analysis above mentioned about Fenton
reaction.
Figure 3 exhibits the FT-IR spectra of PAX, pyrite,
pyrite treated with ultrasonic, pyrite treated with PAX, and
pyrite treated with PAX and 20 minutes of ultrasonic. The
PAX spectrum, in the region between 3000 and 2800 cm–1,
with bands corresponding to the –CH group (CH3 at 2984
cm-1, CH2 at 2937 cm-1, and CH3 at 2875 cm-1). The
band at 1750 cm–1 corresponds to C=O binding (bind type
ketone/ aldehyde this bind is characteristic of PAX because
one of the reagents used to prepare the PAX is n-amyl alco-
hol). The bands at 1490–1000 cm–1 and the intense band at
1070 cm–1 correspond to C=S vibration (carbon disulfide)
(Botero et al., 2022). The pyrite ultrasonic spectrum shows
different bands between 1631 and 795 cm–1 attributed to
the formation of ferric oxyhydroxides onto pyrite surface
(these bands are presented in Table 1) (Ghosh et al., 2012
Wang et al., 2018). Then, the pyrite +PAX spectrum shows
the adsorption of collector onto pyrite surface in the region
between 3000 and 2800 cm–1. This is related to the -CH
group vibration. Also, the region between 1400 and 1000
cm–1 shows more interesting interactions between pyrite
and PAX. Therefore, the enhanced area presents the spe-
cies Fe-amylxanthate (FeAX) and dixantogen (AX)2. Under
COC stretching vibration FeAX it was identified at 1125
cm-1 and under C=S stretching vibration, the (AX)2 was
identified at 1025 cm–1 (Botero et al., 2022). This dem-
onstrated the adsorption of PAX collector onto pyrite sur-
face. Finally, the pyrite+PAX+20 min ultrasonic show the
formation of sulfate species (O=S=O) between 1350 and
1450 cm–1 corresponding to asymmetrical stretching, and
between 1150 to 1230 cm-1 corresponding to symmetrical
stretching of sulfate. Between 1750 and 1375 cm–1 it was
identify the C=O stretching vibration characteristic of the
esters, this band confirm the formation of carbonates from
PAX decomposition. The formation of these species dem-
onstrated the decomposition of PAX collector through the
interaction with the H2O2 generated during the ultrasonic
treatment. Therefore, these results enable to conclude that
the 20 minutes of ultrasonic treatment is a suitable time for
the elimination of PAX from pyrite surface.
Figure 3. Infrared spectra of pyrite before and after treatment with PAX and ultrasonic