XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 2121
Adapting a strategic commitment is indispensable,
intricately balancing quality, determined by screen effi-
ciency, with the operational cost of SAP dosage at opera-
tional expenditures (OPEX). This strategic decision-making
process encompasses considerations of operational condi-
tions, incorporation time, and is paramount for aligning
with production objectives.
CONCLUSION
The kinetics models for superabsorbent polymers prove
effective in determining screen efficiency, particularly
when inefficiency stems from elevated moisture content.
The model precisely defines water absorption kinetics and
can be correlated to screen efficiency when it results from
apparent moisture reduction. The application of pseudo
secondorder kinetics tailored to specific SAP formulations
emerges as an effective tool for characterizing screen effi-
ciency kinetics under defined cutoffs and moisture content
conditions. Through the judicious interpolation of dosage
curves, particularly in cases with limited data points, com-
prehensive relationships between dosage, time, and screen
efficiency can be established.
The dataset generated from laboratory-scale investi-
gations establishes the groundwork for validation in sub-
sequent pilot and industrial trials. Upon identifying the
optimal point for incorporating superabsorbent polymer
(SAP) within the ore, involving a defined period of homog-
enization before the initial screening, the subsequent stra-
tegic decisionmaking hinges on achieving an equilibrium.
This equilibrium is pivotal for simultaneously adhering to
quality commitments and managing operational expendi-
ture. It entails a careful consideration of both the opera-
tional feasibility of maintaining efficient screening in the
processing line and the associated costs incurred in SAP
dosage (OPEX).
The trial outcomes reveal that the introduction of
900g/t of SAP into manganese ore (44% dry mass under-
sized at 10 mm) with moisture levels of up to 12% within
an 18-minute timeframe can yield a substantial 66%
enhancement in normalized screen efficiency, employing a
10 mm cut-off.
According to the PSO kinetics models, to attain 50%
of normalized screen efficiency, a minimum duration of 8
minutes for SAP incorporation is essential. However, with a
reduction in dosage to 600g/t, the model anticipates a 50%
escalation in the time requirement. Furthermore, adopting
a more cautious dosage of 300g/t prolongs the necessary
time, exceeding 5 times the initial duration, while the max-
imum normalised screen efficiency at 58%. In summary,
the PSO kinetics models furnish valuable insights into the
impact of SAP dosage and duration on normalized screen
efficiency. The findings propose that a dosage of 900g/t
proves optimal for attaining the highest efficiency, whereas
a dosage of 600g/t can still result in noteworthy efficiency
improvements, albeit with an extended duration. A more
conservative dosage of 300g/t may not be as impactful in
efficiency enhancement, yet it remains a viable option for
those prioritizing cost-effectiveness over efficiency.
REFERENCES
Achilleos, E.C., Prud’homme, R.K., Christodoulou, K.N.,
Gee, K.R., Kevrekidis, I.G., 2000. Dynamic deforma-
tion visualization in swelling of polymer gels. Chemical
Engineering Science 55, 3335–3340. doi: 10.1016
/S0009-2509(00)00002-6.
Dayal, U., et al.1999. Synthesis of Acrylic Superabsorbents.
Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer
Reviews 39, 507–525. doi: 10.1081/MC-100101426.
Guimaraes, F., Araujo, A., Gotelip Barbosa, M., 2018. Use
of superabsorbent polymers to improve handling of
Iron Ore fines.
Hanane, B., Hafida, ferfera-harrar, 2019. TH9260. doi:
10.13140/RG.2.2.31559.32161.
Masaro, L., Zhu, X.X., 1999. Physical models of diffu-
sion for polymer solutions, gels and solids. Progress
in Polymer Science 24, 731–775. doi: 10.1016
/S0079-6700(99)00016-7.
Pradhan, S., Pradhan, S. 2023. Theory of Superabsorbent
Polymers. In: Bio-based Superabsorbents.
Polymers. Engineering Materials. Springer, Singapore. doi:
10.1007/978-981-99-3094-4_4 Srikakulapu, N.G.,
Cheela, S.S., Makhija, D., Sharma, N., 2020. Improved
flowability of iron ore using superabsorbent polymers.
Powder Technology 364, 321–331. doi: 10.1016/j.
powtec.2020.01.089.
Venkatachalam, D., Kaliappa, S., 2021. Superabsorbent
polymers: A state-of-art review on their classification,
synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applica-
tions. Reviews in Chemical Engineering 39. doi:
10.1515/revce-2020-0102.
Weber, F. 1997. Evolution of Lateritic Manganese Deposits.
In: Soils and Sediments. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Wills, B.A. and Finch, J., 2016. Wills’ Mineral Processing
Technology: An introduction to the Practical Aspects
of Ore Treatment and Mineral Recovery. 8th Edition,
Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Zafar, S., Khalid, N., Daud, M., Mirza, M., 2015. Kinetic
Studies of the Adsorption of Thorium Ions onto Rice
Husk from Aqueous Media: Linear and Nonlinear
Approach 52, 14–19.
Adapting a strategic commitment is indispensable,
intricately balancing quality, determined by screen effi-
ciency, with the operational cost of SAP dosage at opera-
tional expenditures (OPEX). This strategic decision-making
process encompasses considerations of operational condi-
tions, incorporation time, and is paramount for aligning
with production objectives.
CONCLUSION
The kinetics models for superabsorbent polymers prove
effective in determining screen efficiency, particularly
when inefficiency stems from elevated moisture content.
The model precisely defines water absorption kinetics and
can be correlated to screen efficiency when it results from
apparent moisture reduction. The application of pseudo
secondorder kinetics tailored to specific SAP formulations
emerges as an effective tool for characterizing screen effi-
ciency kinetics under defined cutoffs and moisture content
conditions. Through the judicious interpolation of dosage
curves, particularly in cases with limited data points, com-
prehensive relationships between dosage, time, and screen
efficiency can be established.
The dataset generated from laboratory-scale investi-
gations establishes the groundwork for validation in sub-
sequent pilot and industrial trials. Upon identifying the
optimal point for incorporating superabsorbent polymer
(SAP) within the ore, involving a defined period of homog-
enization before the initial screening, the subsequent stra-
tegic decisionmaking hinges on achieving an equilibrium.
This equilibrium is pivotal for simultaneously adhering to
quality commitments and managing operational expendi-
ture. It entails a careful consideration of both the opera-
tional feasibility of maintaining efficient screening in the
processing line and the associated costs incurred in SAP
dosage (OPEX).
The trial outcomes reveal that the introduction of
900g/t of SAP into manganese ore (44% dry mass under-
sized at 10 mm) with moisture levels of up to 12% within
an 18-minute timeframe can yield a substantial 66%
enhancement in normalized screen efficiency, employing a
10 mm cut-off.
According to the PSO kinetics models, to attain 50%
of normalized screen efficiency, a minimum duration of 8
minutes for SAP incorporation is essential. However, with a
reduction in dosage to 600g/t, the model anticipates a 50%
escalation in the time requirement. Furthermore, adopting
a more cautious dosage of 300g/t prolongs the necessary
time, exceeding 5 times the initial duration, while the max-
imum normalised screen efficiency at 58%. In summary,
the PSO kinetics models furnish valuable insights into the
impact of SAP dosage and duration on normalized screen
efficiency. The findings propose that a dosage of 900g/t
proves optimal for attaining the highest efficiency, whereas
a dosage of 600g/t can still result in noteworthy efficiency
improvements, albeit with an extended duration. A more
conservative dosage of 300g/t may not be as impactful in
efficiency enhancement, yet it remains a viable option for
those prioritizing cost-effectiveness over efficiency.
REFERENCES
Achilleos, E.C., Prud’homme, R.K., Christodoulou, K.N.,
Gee, K.R., Kevrekidis, I.G., 2000. Dynamic deforma-
tion visualization in swelling of polymer gels. Chemical
Engineering Science 55, 3335–3340. doi: 10.1016
/S0009-2509(00)00002-6.
Dayal, U., et al.1999. Synthesis of Acrylic Superabsorbents.
Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Polymer
Reviews 39, 507–525. doi: 10.1081/MC-100101426.
Guimaraes, F., Araujo, A., Gotelip Barbosa, M., 2018. Use
of superabsorbent polymers to improve handling of
Iron Ore fines.
Hanane, B., Hafida, ferfera-harrar, 2019. TH9260. doi:
10.13140/RG.2.2.31559.32161.
Masaro, L., Zhu, X.X., 1999. Physical models of diffu-
sion for polymer solutions, gels and solids. Progress
in Polymer Science 24, 731–775. doi: 10.1016
/S0079-6700(99)00016-7.
Pradhan, S., Pradhan, S. 2023. Theory of Superabsorbent
Polymers. In: Bio-based Superabsorbents.
Polymers. Engineering Materials. Springer, Singapore. doi:
10.1007/978-981-99-3094-4_4 Srikakulapu, N.G.,
Cheela, S.S., Makhija, D., Sharma, N., 2020. Improved
flowability of iron ore using superabsorbent polymers.
Powder Technology 364, 321–331. doi: 10.1016/j.
powtec.2020.01.089.
Venkatachalam, D., Kaliappa, S., 2021. Superabsorbent
polymers: A state-of-art review on their classification,
synthesis, physicochemical properties, and applica-
tions. Reviews in Chemical Engineering 39. doi:
10.1515/revce-2020-0102.
Weber, F. 1997. Evolution of Lateritic Manganese Deposits.
In: Soils and Sediments. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Wills, B.A. and Finch, J., 2016. Wills’ Mineral Processing
Technology: An introduction to the Practical Aspects
of Ore Treatment and Mineral Recovery. 8th Edition,
Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Zafar, S., Khalid, N., Daud, M., Mirza, M., 2015. Kinetic
Studies of the Adsorption of Thorium Ions onto Rice
Husk from Aqueous Media: Linear and Nonlinear
Approach 52, 14–19.