XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1943
FTIR Analysis
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a tech-
nique that enables the identification of chemical bonds
present in a molecule by producing an infrared absorption
spectrum. To examine the functional group of carbona-
ceous material, FTIR analysis was carried out. The pres-
ence of hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxylic group (-COOH)
was investigated, as they make the surface hydrophilic in
nature.
It is evident from the FTIR plot that there are no spec-
tra of hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxylic groups across all
wavelengths, as seen in Figure 4. The absence of hydrophilic
groups indicates that deoxidation by deoxidizer will not sig-
nificantly make the surface hydrophobic. Therefore, with
this observation, surface treatment by adding alcohol was
not carried out in the froth flotation technique.
Experimental Methods
The process of experimentation entails the physical
enhancement of materials. The liberation of particles was
accomplished through the utilization of ball mill grinding.
Froth flotation techniques were employed, with emphasis
placed on the carbonaceous component as the froth mate-
rial. Following flotation, the non-froth sample underwent
Figure 3. SEM image of bulk BFD sample
Table 3. Elemental distribution of different spots through SEM-EDS for bulk BFD sample
Bulk 01 Weight %
Element Spot 1 Spot 2 Spot 3 Spot 4
C K 76.4 35.6 44.9 31.2
O K 21.1 43.8 40.9 28.9
Al K 0.3 1.7 1.5 0.5
Si K 0.4 2.1 2.1 0.5
Ca K 0.3 1.4 6.1
Fe K 0.9 8.3 3.3 30.7
Zn K 0.9 8.2 5.9 2.2
FTIR Analysis
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) is a tech-
nique that enables the identification of chemical bonds
present in a molecule by producing an infrared absorption
spectrum. To examine the functional group of carbona-
ceous material, FTIR analysis was carried out. The pres-
ence of hydroxyl (-OH) and carboxylic group (-COOH)
was investigated, as they make the surface hydrophilic in
nature.
It is evident from the FTIR plot that there are no spec-
tra of hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxylic groups across all
wavelengths, as seen in Figure 4. The absence of hydrophilic
groups indicates that deoxidation by deoxidizer will not sig-
nificantly make the surface hydrophobic. Therefore, with
this observation, surface treatment by adding alcohol was
not carried out in the froth flotation technique.
Experimental Methods
The process of experimentation entails the physical
enhancement of materials. The liberation of particles was
accomplished through the utilization of ball mill grinding.
Froth flotation techniques were employed, with emphasis
placed on the carbonaceous component as the froth mate-
rial. Following flotation, the non-froth sample underwent
Figure 3. SEM image of bulk BFD sample
Table 3. Elemental distribution of different spots through SEM-EDS for bulk BFD sample
Bulk 01 Weight %
Element Spot 1 Spot 2 Spot 3 Spot 4
C K 76.4 35.6 44.9 31.2
O K 21.1 43.8 40.9 28.9
Al K 0.3 1.7 1.5 0.5
Si K 0.4 2.1 2.1 0.5
Ca K 0.3 1.4 6.1
Fe K 0.9 8.3 3.3 30.7
Zn K 0.9 8.2 5.9 2.2