1914 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
Aylmore, M.G. (2005). Alternative lixiviants to cyanide for
leaching gold ores. Dev. Miner 15(05). doi: 10.1016
/S0167-4528(05)15021-2.
Aylmore, M.G. (2016). Alternative Lixiviants to Cyanide
for Leaching Gold Ores. M.D Adams (Ed.) In Gold
Ore Processing-Project Development and Operations
(Second Edition) (pp. 447–484). Elsevier. doi: 10.1016
/b978-0-444-63658-4.00027-x.
Barth, A. (2000). The infrared absorption of amino acid
side chains. In Progress in Biophysics and Molecular
Biology (Vol. 74 pp 141–173).
Barth, A., and Zscherp, C. (2002). What vibrations tell
us about proteins. In Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
(Vol. 35, Issue 4, pp. 369–430). doi: 10.1017
/S0033583502003815.
Brown, D.H., Smith, W.E., Fox, P., and Sturrock, R.D.
(1982). The Reactions of Gold (O )with Amino
Acids and the Significance of these Reactions in the
Biochemistry of Gold. 67, 27–30.
Buglak, A.A., and Kononov, A.I. (2020). Comparative
study of gold and silver interactions with amino acids
and nucleobases. RSC Advances, 10(56), 34149–34160.
doi: 10.1039/d0ra06486f.
Damodaran, S. (2017). Amino acids, peptides, and pro-
teins. Fennema’s Food Chemistry, 235–356. doi:
10.1201/9781315372914.
Eksteen, J.J., and Oraby, E.A. (2015). The leaching
and adsorption of gold using low concentration
amino acids and hydrogen peroxide: Effect of cata-
lytic ions, sulphide minerals and amino acid type.
Minerals Engineering, 70, 36–42. doi: 10.1016
/j.mineng.2014.08.020.
Eksteen, J.J., Oraby, E.A., Tanda, B.C., Tauetsile, P.J.,
Bezuidenhout, G.A., Newton, T., Trask, F., and
Bryan, I. (2018). Towards industrial implementa-
tion of glycine-based leach and adsorption technolo-
gies for gold-copper ores. Canadian Metallurgical
Quarterly, 57(4), 390–398. doi: 10.1080/00084433
.2017.1391736.
Eksteen, J.J. and Oraby, E.A. (2014). Patent no.
WO2015031943A1. A process for copper and/or pre-
cious metal recovery. Patent No. WO2015031943A1.,
3001(12).
Fleming, C.A. (1992). Hydrometallurgy of precious met-
als recovery. Hydrometallurgy (Vol. 30) pp. 127–162.
Elsevier Science Publishers.
Hilson, G., and Monhemius, A.J. (2006). Alternatives
to cyanide in the gold mining industry: what pros-
pects for the future? Journal of Cleaner Production,
14(12–13 SPEC. ISS.), 1158–1167. doi: 10.1016
/j.jclepro.2004.09.005.
Hughes. (2012). Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in
Organic Chemistry. Volume 5, Analysis and Function
of Amino Acids and Peptides (Wiley, 2016).
Jamett, I., Carrasco, P., &Olmos, M. (2023). Glycine /
Glutamate :“Green”Alternatives to Recover Metals
from Minerals/Residues—Review of Current Research.
Minerals, 13(22), 1–16.
Justi, M., de Freitas, M.P., Silla, J.M., Nunes, C.A., and
Silva, C.A. (2021). Molecular structure features and
fast identification of chemical properties of metal car-
boxylate complexes by FTIR and partial least square
regression. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1237. doi:
10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130405.
Li, H., Oraby, E., Eksteen, J., Mali, T., 2022b. Extraction
of gold and copper from flotation tailings using gly-
cine-ammonia solutions in the presence of permanga-
nate. Minerals 12 (5), 612.
Nunn K, N.K. (2008). OMNICTM software, Thermo
Fisher Scientific (software 7.3). Thermo Fisher
Scientific.
Oraby, E.A., and Eksteen, J.J. (2015a). Gold leaching in
cyanide-starved copper solutions in the presence of
glycine. Hydrometallurgy, 156, 81–88. doi: 10.1016/j.
hydromet.2015.05.012.
Oraby, E.A., and Eksteen, J.J. (2015b). The leaching of gold,
silver and their alloys in alkaline glycine-peroxide solu-
tions and their adsorption on carbon. Hydrometallurgy,
152, 199–203. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.12.015.
Oraby, E.A., Eksteen, J.J., and Connor, G.M.O. (2020).
Hydrometallurgy Gold leaching from oxide ores in
alkaline glycine solutions in the presence of permanga-
nate. Hydrometallurgy, 198(November), 105527. doi:
10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105527.
Oraby, E.A., Eksteen, J.J., Karrech, A., and Attar, M.
(2019). Gold extraction from paleochannel ores using
an aerated alkaline glycine lixiviant for consideration
in heap and in-situ leaching applications. Minerals
Engineering, 138(April), 112–118. doi: 10.1016/j.
mineng.2019.04.023.
Oraby, E.A., Eksteen, J.J., and Tanda, B.C. (2017). Gold
and copper leaching from gold-copper ores and con-
centrates using a synergistic lixiviant mixture of gly-
cine and cyanide. Hydrometallurgy, 169, 339–345. doi:
10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.02.019.
Aylmore, M.G. (2005). Alternative lixiviants to cyanide for
leaching gold ores. Dev. Miner 15(05). doi: 10.1016
/S0167-4528(05)15021-2.
Aylmore, M.G. (2016). Alternative Lixiviants to Cyanide
for Leaching Gold Ores. M.D Adams (Ed.) In Gold
Ore Processing-Project Development and Operations
(Second Edition) (pp. 447–484). Elsevier. doi: 10.1016
/b978-0-444-63658-4.00027-x.
Barth, A. (2000). The infrared absorption of amino acid
side chains. In Progress in Biophysics and Molecular
Biology (Vol. 74 pp 141–173).
Barth, A., and Zscherp, C. (2002). What vibrations tell
us about proteins. In Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics
(Vol. 35, Issue 4, pp. 369–430). doi: 10.1017
/S0033583502003815.
Brown, D.H., Smith, W.E., Fox, P., and Sturrock, R.D.
(1982). The Reactions of Gold (O )with Amino
Acids and the Significance of these Reactions in the
Biochemistry of Gold. 67, 27–30.
Buglak, A.A., and Kononov, A.I. (2020). Comparative
study of gold and silver interactions with amino acids
and nucleobases. RSC Advances, 10(56), 34149–34160.
doi: 10.1039/d0ra06486f.
Damodaran, S. (2017). Amino acids, peptides, and pro-
teins. Fennema’s Food Chemistry, 235–356. doi:
10.1201/9781315372914.
Eksteen, J.J., and Oraby, E.A. (2015). The leaching
and adsorption of gold using low concentration
amino acids and hydrogen peroxide: Effect of cata-
lytic ions, sulphide minerals and amino acid type.
Minerals Engineering, 70, 36–42. doi: 10.1016
/j.mineng.2014.08.020.
Eksteen, J.J., Oraby, E.A., Tanda, B.C., Tauetsile, P.J.,
Bezuidenhout, G.A., Newton, T., Trask, F., and
Bryan, I. (2018). Towards industrial implementa-
tion of glycine-based leach and adsorption technolo-
gies for gold-copper ores. Canadian Metallurgical
Quarterly, 57(4), 390–398. doi: 10.1080/00084433
.2017.1391736.
Eksteen, J.J. and Oraby, E.A. (2014). Patent no.
WO2015031943A1. A process for copper and/or pre-
cious metal recovery. Patent No. WO2015031943A1.,
3001(12).
Fleming, C.A. (1992). Hydrometallurgy of precious met-
als recovery. Hydrometallurgy (Vol. 30) pp. 127–162.
Elsevier Science Publishers.
Hilson, G., and Monhemius, A.J. (2006). Alternatives
to cyanide in the gold mining industry: what pros-
pects for the future? Journal of Cleaner Production,
14(12–13 SPEC. ISS.), 1158–1167. doi: 10.1016
/j.jclepro.2004.09.005.
Hughes. (2012). Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins in
Organic Chemistry. Volume 5, Analysis and Function
of Amino Acids and Peptides (Wiley, 2016).
Jamett, I., Carrasco, P., &Olmos, M. (2023). Glycine /
Glutamate :“Green”Alternatives to Recover Metals
from Minerals/Residues—Review of Current Research.
Minerals, 13(22), 1–16.
Justi, M., de Freitas, M.P., Silla, J.M., Nunes, C.A., and
Silva, C.A. (2021). Molecular structure features and
fast identification of chemical properties of metal car-
boxylate complexes by FTIR and partial least square
regression. Journal of Molecular Structure, 1237. doi:
10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130405.
Li, H., Oraby, E., Eksteen, J., Mali, T., 2022b. Extraction
of gold and copper from flotation tailings using gly-
cine-ammonia solutions in the presence of permanga-
nate. Minerals 12 (5), 612.
Nunn K, N.K. (2008). OMNICTM software, Thermo
Fisher Scientific (software 7.3). Thermo Fisher
Scientific.
Oraby, E.A., and Eksteen, J.J. (2015a). Gold leaching in
cyanide-starved copper solutions in the presence of
glycine. Hydrometallurgy, 156, 81–88. doi: 10.1016/j.
hydromet.2015.05.012.
Oraby, E.A., and Eksteen, J.J. (2015b). The leaching of gold,
silver and their alloys in alkaline glycine-peroxide solu-
tions and their adsorption on carbon. Hydrometallurgy,
152, 199–203. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.12.015.
Oraby, E.A., Eksteen, J.J., and Connor, G.M.O. (2020).
Hydrometallurgy Gold leaching from oxide ores in
alkaline glycine solutions in the presence of permanga-
nate. Hydrometallurgy, 198(November), 105527. doi:
10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105527.
Oraby, E.A., Eksteen, J.J., Karrech, A., and Attar, M.
(2019). Gold extraction from paleochannel ores using
an aerated alkaline glycine lixiviant for consideration
in heap and in-situ leaching applications. Minerals
Engineering, 138(April), 112–118. doi: 10.1016/j.
mineng.2019.04.023.
Oraby, E.A., Eksteen, J.J., and Tanda, B.C. (2017). Gold
and copper leaching from gold-copper ores and con-
centrates using a synergistic lixiviant mixture of gly-
cine and cyanide. Hydrometallurgy, 169, 339–345. doi:
10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.02.019.