XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1789
[4] Aylmore, M.G. (2016). Chapter 28—Thiosulfate as
an Alternative Lixiviant to Cyanide for Gold Ores.
In M.D. Adams (Ed.), Gold Ore Processing (Second
Edition) (pp. 485–523). Elsevier. doi: 10.1016
/B978-0-444-63658-4.00028-1.
[5] Gökelma, M., Birich, A., Stopic, S., &Friedrich,
B. (2016). A Review on Alternative Gold Recovery
Reagents to Cyanide. Journal of Materials Science
and Chemical Engineering, 04(08), Article 08. doi:
10.4236/msce.2016.48002.
[6] Birich, A., Stopic, S., &Friedrich, B. (2019). Kinetic
Investigation and Dissolution Behavior of Cyanide
Alternative Gold Leaching Reagents. Scientific Reports,
9(1), Article 1. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43383-4.
[7] Aylmore, A., &Muir, D.M. (2001). Thiosulfate leach-
ing of gold—A review. Minerals Engineering, 14(2),
135–174. doi: 10.1016/S0892-6875(00)00172-2.
[8] Breuer, P.L., &Jeffrey, M.I. (2002). An electrochemi-
cal study of gold leaching in thiosulfate solutions con-
taining copper and ammonia. Hydrometallurgy, 65(2),
145–157. doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00086-5.
[9] Miller, J.D., Wan, R.-Y., &Díaz, X. (2005).
Preg-robbing gold ores. In M.D. Adams &B.A.
Wills (Eds.), Developments in Mineral Processing
(Vol. 15, pp. 937–972). Elsevier. doi: 10.1016
/S0167-4528(05)15038-8.
[10] Sitando, O., Senanayake, G., Dai, X., Nikoloski,
A.N., &Breuer, P. (2018). A review of factors affect-
ing gold leaching in non-ammoniacal thiosulfate
solutions including degradation and in-situ genera-
tion of thiosulfate. Hydrometallurgy, 178, 151–175.
doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.02.016.
[11] Jeffrey, M.I., Watling, K., Hope, G.A., &Woods, R.
(2008). Identification of surface species that inhibit
and passivate thiosulfate leaching of gold. Minerals
Engineering, 21(6), 443–452. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng
.2008.01.006.
[12] Feng, D., &Van Deventer, J.S.J. (2002). Leaching
behaviour of sulphides in ammoniacal thiosulphate
systems. Hydrometallurgy, 63(2), 189–200. doi:
10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00225-0.
[13] Senanayake, G. (2005). The role of ligands and oxi-
dants in thiosulfate leaching of gold. Gold Bulletin,
38(4), 170–179. doi: 10.1007/BF03215257.
[14] Wan, R.-Y., &LeVier, K.M. (2003). Solution
chemistry factors for gold thiosulfate heap leaching.
International Journal of Mineral Processing, 72(1),
311–322. doi: 10.1016/S0301-7516(03)00107-8.
[15] Senanayake, G. (2004). Analysis of reaction kinet-
ics, speciation and mechanism of gold leaching and
thiosulfate oxidation by ammoniacal copper(II) solu-
tions. Hydrometallurgy, 75(1), 55–75. doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2004.06.004.
[16] Molleman, E., &Dreisinger, D. (2002). The treat-
ment of copper–gold ores by ammonium thiosul-
fate leaching. Hydrometallurgy, 66(1), 1–21. doi:
10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00080-4.
[17] Xie, F., Chen, J., Wang, J., &Wang, W. (2021).
Review of gold leaching in thiosulfate-based solu-
tions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society
of China, 31(11), 3506–3529. doi: 10.1016
/S1003-6326(21)65745-X.
[18] Grosse, A.C., Dicinoski, G.W., Shaw, M.J., &
Haddad, P.R. (2003). Leaching and recovery of
gold using ammoniacal thiosulfate leach liquors (a
review). Hydrometallurgy, 69(1), 1–21. doi: 10.1016
/S0304-386X(02)00169-X.
[19] Xu, B., Yang, Y., Li, Q., Jiang, T., Liu, S., &Li, G.
(2016). The development of an environmentally
friendly leaching process of a high C, As and Sb bear-
ing sulfide gold concentrate. Minerals Engineering,
89, 138–147. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2016.01.011.
[20] Black, A.P. (1966). Split-Treatment Water Softening
at Dayton. Journal AWWA, 58(1), 97–106. doi:
10.1002/j.1551-8833.1966.tb01560.x.
[21] Aylmore, M.G., &Muir, D.M. (2001).
Thermodynamic analysis of gold leaching by ammo-
niacal thiosulfate using Eh/pH and speciation dia-
grams. Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration, 18(4),
221–227. doi: 10.1007/BF03403254.
[22] Ha, V.H., Lee, J., Jeong, J., Hai, H.T., &Jha, M.K.
(2010). Thiosulfate leaching of gold from waste mobile
phones. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178(1),
1115–1119. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.099.
[23] Jeffrey, M.I. (2001). Kinetic aspects of gold and
silver leaching in ammonia–thiosulfate solu-
tions. Hydrometallurgy, 60(1), 7–16. doi: 10.1016
/S0304-386X(00)00151-1.
[24] Lampinen, M., Laari, A., &Turunen, I. (2015).
Ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching of pressure oxi-
dized sulfide gold concentrate with low reagent con-
sumption. Hydrometallurgy, 151, 1–9. doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2014.10.014.
[4] Aylmore, M.G. (2016). Chapter 28—Thiosulfate as
an Alternative Lixiviant to Cyanide for Gold Ores.
In M.D. Adams (Ed.), Gold Ore Processing (Second
Edition) (pp. 485–523). Elsevier. doi: 10.1016
/B978-0-444-63658-4.00028-1.
[5] Gökelma, M., Birich, A., Stopic, S., &Friedrich,
B. (2016). A Review on Alternative Gold Recovery
Reagents to Cyanide. Journal of Materials Science
and Chemical Engineering, 04(08), Article 08. doi:
10.4236/msce.2016.48002.
[6] Birich, A., Stopic, S., &Friedrich, B. (2019). Kinetic
Investigation and Dissolution Behavior of Cyanide
Alternative Gold Leaching Reagents. Scientific Reports,
9(1), Article 1. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43383-4.
[7] Aylmore, A., &Muir, D.M. (2001). Thiosulfate leach-
ing of gold—A review. Minerals Engineering, 14(2),
135–174. doi: 10.1016/S0892-6875(00)00172-2.
[8] Breuer, P.L., &Jeffrey, M.I. (2002). An electrochemi-
cal study of gold leaching in thiosulfate solutions con-
taining copper and ammonia. Hydrometallurgy, 65(2),
145–157. doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00086-5.
[9] Miller, J.D., Wan, R.-Y., &Díaz, X. (2005).
Preg-robbing gold ores. In M.D. Adams &B.A.
Wills (Eds.), Developments in Mineral Processing
(Vol. 15, pp. 937–972). Elsevier. doi: 10.1016
/S0167-4528(05)15038-8.
[10] Sitando, O., Senanayake, G., Dai, X., Nikoloski,
A.N., &Breuer, P. (2018). A review of factors affect-
ing gold leaching in non-ammoniacal thiosulfate
solutions including degradation and in-situ genera-
tion of thiosulfate. Hydrometallurgy, 178, 151–175.
doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.02.016.
[11] Jeffrey, M.I., Watling, K., Hope, G.A., &Woods, R.
(2008). Identification of surface species that inhibit
and passivate thiosulfate leaching of gold. Minerals
Engineering, 21(6), 443–452. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng
.2008.01.006.
[12] Feng, D., &Van Deventer, J.S.J. (2002). Leaching
behaviour of sulphides in ammoniacal thiosulphate
systems. Hydrometallurgy, 63(2), 189–200. doi:
10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00225-0.
[13] Senanayake, G. (2005). The role of ligands and oxi-
dants in thiosulfate leaching of gold. Gold Bulletin,
38(4), 170–179. doi: 10.1007/BF03215257.
[14] Wan, R.-Y., &LeVier, K.M. (2003). Solution
chemistry factors for gold thiosulfate heap leaching.
International Journal of Mineral Processing, 72(1),
311–322. doi: 10.1016/S0301-7516(03)00107-8.
[15] Senanayake, G. (2004). Analysis of reaction kinet-
ics, speciation and mechanism of gold leaching and
thiosulfate oxidation by ammoniacal copper(II) solu-
tions. Hydrometallurgy, 75(1), 55–75. doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2004.06.004.
[16] Molleman, E., &Dreisinger, D. (2002). The treat-
ment of copper–gold ores by ammonium thiosul-
fate leaching. Hydrometallurgy, 66(1), 1–21. doi:
10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00080-4.
[17] Xie, F., Chen, J., Wang, J., &Wang, W. (2021).
Review of gold leaching in thiosulfate-based solu-
tions. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society
of China, 31(11), 3506–3529. doi: 10.1016
/S1003-6326(21)65745-X.
[18] Grosse, A.C., Dicinoski, G.W., Shaw, M.J., &
Haddad, P.R. (2003). Leaching and recovery of
gold using ammoniacal thiosulfate leach liquors (a
review). Hydrometallurgy, 69(1), 1–21. doi: 10.1016
/S0304-386X(02)00169-X.
[19] Xu, B., Yang, Y., Li, Q., Jiang, T., Liu, S., &Li, G.
(2016). The development of an environmentally
friendly leaching process of a high C, As and Sb bear-
ing sulfide gold concentrate. Minerals Engineering,
89, 138–147. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2016.01.011.
[20] Black, A.P. (1966). Split-Treatment Water Softening
at Dayton. Journal AWWA, 58(1), 97–106. doi:
10.1002/j.1551-8833.1966.tb01560.x.
[21] Aylmore, M.G., &Muir, D.M. (2001).
Thermodynamic analysis of gold leaching by ammo-
niacal thiosulfate using Eh/pH and speciation dia-
grams. Mining, Metallurgy &Exploration, 18(4),
221–227. doi: 10.1007/BF03403254.
[22] Ha, V.H., Lee, J., Jeong, J., Hai, H.T., &Jha, M.K.
(2010). Thiosulfate leaching of gold from waste mobile
phones. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 178(1),
1115–1119. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.099.
[23] Jeffrey, M.I. (2001). Kinetic aspects of gold and
silver leaching in ammonia–thiosulfate solu-
tions. Hydrometallurgy, 60(1), 7–16. doi: 10.1016
/S0304-386X(00)00151-1.
[24] Lampinen, M., Laari, A., &Turunen, I. (2015).
Ammoniacal thiosulfate leaching of pressure oxi-
dized sulfide gold concentrate with low reagent con-
sumption. Hydrometallurgy, 151, 1–9. doi: 10.1016
/j.hydromet.2014.10.014.