1728 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
in the first minute. The increase in recovery is likely due to
enhanced mixing and dispersion of ozone in the solution,
leading to increased contact between ozone and the Co-Mn
ions and thus accelerating their oxidation and precipitation.
Effect of Temperature
Temperature is a significant parameter in the oxidative pre-
cipitation of Co-Mn (Oruê et al., 2021 Qu et al., 2022
Tian et al., 2017). The oxidation process relies on tempera-
ture, which significantly impacts the mass transfer of ozone
in an aqueous solution. The effect of temperature on oxi-
dative precipitation of Co and Mn was studied on AMD
samples at neutral pH, room temperature, a stirring rate of
400 cc/min, and a gas flow rate of 1100 cc/min (Figure 6).
Three different kinetic models were then evaluated. The
activation energy was measured using Eq.(4) to understand
the mechanism governing the ozone oxidative precipitation
of Co and Mn. The results of Co-Mn precipitation are pre-
sented in Figure 6 show that:
1. The precipitation reaction is very fast more than
50% of Co ions in the solution were precipitated
in the first two minutes for all temperatures.
2. The recovery of Co-Mn was further increased by
increasing the temperature since the kinetics of the
system increased, allowing for a faster reaction rate
(as per the Arrhenius equation).
The fast precipitation reaction suggests that Co-Mn
ions react quickly with ozone, implying that the reaction
is kinetically favorable. This is due to the strong oxidiz-
ing nature of ozone, allowing it to react with Co-Mn ions
readily. Generally, as the temperature increases, the kinetic
energy of the molecules increases, allowing for a faster
reaction rate (as per the Arrhenius equation) (Figure 7).
According to the data, a considerable amount of precipi-
tation occurs within the initial 120 seconds following the
Figure 6. Co-Mn recovery values as a function of time at different temperatures
Figure 7. Rate constant of Co-Mn precipitation at different temperatures (20, 40, 60,
and 80 °C)
in the first minute. The increase in recovery is likely due to
enhanced mixing and dispersion of ozone in the solution,
leading to increased contact between ozone and the Co-Mn
ions and thus accelerating their oxidation and precipitation.
Effect of Temperature
Temperature is a significant parameter in the oxidative pre-
cipitation of Co-Mn (Oruê et al., 2021 Qu et al., 2022
Tian et al., 2017). The oxidation process relies on tempera-
ture, which significantly impacts the mass transfer of ozone
in an aqueous solution. The effect of temperature on oxi-
dative precipitation of Co and Mn was studied on AMD
samples at neutral pH, room temperature, a stirring rate of
400 cc/min, and a gas flow rate of 1100 cc/min (Figure 6).
Three different kinetic models were then evaluated. The
activation energy was measured using Eq.(4) to understand
the mechanism governing the ozone oxidative precipitation
of Co and Mn. The results of Co-Mn precipitation are pre-
sented in Figure 6 show that:
1. The precipitation reaction is very fast more than
50% of Co ions in the solution were precipitated
in the first two minutes for all temperatures.
2. The recovery of Co-Mn was further increased by
increasing the temperature since the kinetics of the
system increased, allowing for a faster reaction rate
(as per the Arrhenius equation).
The fast precipitation reaction suggests that Co-Mn
ions react quickly with ozone, implying that the reaction
is kinetically favorable. This is due to the strong oxidiz-
ing nature of ozone, allowing it to react with Co-Mn ions
readily. Generally, as the temperature increases, the kinetic
energy of the molecules increases, allowing for a faster
reaction rate (as per the Arrhenius equation) (Figure 7).
According to the data, a considerable amount of precipi-
tation occurs within the initial 120 seconds following the
Figure 6. Co-Mn recovery values as a function of time at different temperatures
Figure 7. Rate constant of Co-Mn precipitation at different temperatures (20, 40, 60,
and 80 °C)