XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1363
were applied at optimum conditions (RVM at 70G accel-
eration and stirring at 350rpm speed), for instance, maxi-
mum uptake for lanthanum was almost 160 mg/g when
intensified by RVM and maximum uptake when stirring
was applied as intensification method was 105 mg/g. In the
case of other REEs, higher uptakes were also observed for
adsorption process being intensified by RVM. This shows
that the RVM method of intensification greatly influence
the rate of adsorption. In order to validate the performance
of RVM on the adsorption process, these experiments
were replicated on leached rare earth ores from Bear Lodge
deposits in Wyoming as shown in Figure 11d. As observed
from the figure, the adsorption process was intensified by
stirring and RVM at the same conditions of biochar mass
and contact time, but even after setting optimum condition
of 350rpm speed for stirring intensification and a moder-
ate condition of 40G acceleration for RVM, there were
still higher percentage recoveries for all the REEs applying
RVM as intensification method.
CONCLUSIONS
This research investigated the impact of resonant vibratory
mixing in the intensification of rare earth elements adsorp-
tion from aqueous solutions using char-based material
(biochar). In this study, different characterization methods
carried out on biochar shows that it is a promising green
adsorbent and a sustainable alternative to other toxic mate-
rials being used in the extraction of metals from aqueous
solutions due to its excellent properties such as high surface
area, high affinity for metal cations, and presence of vari-
ous categories for surface functional groups. In conclusion,
the results generated indicated that higher recoveries can be
achieved in the extraction of rare earth elements through
adsorption while using RVM as a novel method of mixing
and the negative environmental effects of rare earth min-
eral processing can be reduced with the use of sustainable
and green materials. In addition, the method applied in
this research shows that resonant vibratory mixing, when
applied to adsorption looks promising in identifying easy
means of separating rare earth elements. Future research
work to be done involves the use of peptides and modifying
biochar surface functional groups to selectively extract and
separate rare earth elements.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Research was sponsored by the Combat Capabilities
Development Command Army Research Laboratory and
was accomplished under cooperative Agreement Number
W911 NF-20-2-0163. The views and conclusions con-
tained in this document are those of the authors and
should not be interpreted as representing the official poli-
cies, either expressed or implied of the Combat Capabilities
Development Command Army Research Laboratory or the
U.S. government.
REFERENCES
[1] Kang, J., Kang, A.M.2020.Trend of the research on
rare earth elements in environmental science. Environ
Sci Pollut Res, 14318–14321.
[2] Barrett S. D. &Dhesi S. S. (2001). The structure
of rare-earth metal surfaces. Imperial College Press
Distributed by World Scientific Pub.
[3] Lehmann, J., and Joseph, S., eds. 2015. Biochar for
Environmental Management. London: Routledge.
doi: 10.4324/9780203762264.
[4] S.R. Carpenter et al. 1998. Nonpoint Pollution
of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen.
Ecological Applications, Ecological Society of
America, Volume 8, Issue 6.
[5] F. Shafizadeh 1982, Introduction to pyrolysis of bio-
mass, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,
Volume 3, Issue 4,1982, Pages 283–305.
[6] Brennan, R.B. Healy, M.G. Fenton, O. Lanigan,
G.J. The Effect of Chemical Amendments Used
for Phosphorus Abatement on Greenhouse Gas
and Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cattle
Slurry: Synergies and Pollution Swapping. PLoS
ONE 2015, 10, e0111965.
[7] Dorota Kołodyńska et al. 2018. Sorption of
Lanthanide ions on Biochar Composites. Journal of
Rare Earths, Volume 36, Issue 11: 1212–1220. doi:
10.1016/j.jre.2018.03.027.
[8] Olivier Pourret and David Houben. 2018.
Characterization of Metal binding sites onto Biochar
using Rare Earth Elements as Fingerprint. Science
Direct. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00543.
[9] Suzanne, M. Kresta et al. 2015. Handbook of
Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice. New York:
Wiley. Chpt 2.
[10] Xiaoyan Wu et al. 2024. High sedimentation efficiency
and enhanced rare earth recovery in the impurity
removal process of rare earth leachate by floccula-
tion system, Journal of Environmental and Chemical
Engineering, Volume 12, Issue 3,2024,112626, ISSN
2213–3437.
[11] Zhou, R., Zhang, M., Zhou, J. et al.2019. Optimization
of biochar preparation from the stem of Eichhornia
crassipes using response surface methodology on
adsorption of Cd2+. Sci Rep 9, 17538. doi: 10.1038/
s41598-019-54105-1.
were applied at optimum conditions (RVM at 70G accel-
eration and stirring at 350rpm speed), for instance, maxi-
mum uptake for lanthanum was almost 160 mg/g when
intensified by RVM and maximum uptake when stirring
was applied as intensification method was 105 mg/g. In the
case of other REEs, higher uptakes were also observed for
adsorption process being intensified by RVM. This shows
that the RVM method of intensification greatly influence
the rate of adsorption. In order to validate the performance
of RVM on the adsorption process, these experiments
were replicated on leached rare earth ores from Bear Lodge
deposits in Wyoming as shown in Figure 11d. As observed
from the figure, the adsorption process was intensified by
stirring and RVM at the same conditions of biochar mass
and contact time, but even after setting optimum condition
of 350rpm speed for stirring intensification and a moder-
ate condition of 40G acceleration for RVM, there were
still higher percentage recoveries for all the REEs applying
RVM as intensification method.
CONCLUSIONS
This research investigated the impact of resonant vibratory
mixing in the intensification of rare earth elements adsorp-
tion from aqueous solutions using char-based material
(biochar). In this study, different characterization methods
carried out on biochar shows that it is a promising green
adsorbent and a sustainable alternative to other toxic mate-
rials being used in the extraction of metals from aqueous
solutions due to its excellent properties such as high surface
area, high affinity for metal cations, and presence of vari-
ous categories for surface functional groups. In conclusion,
the results generated indicated that higher recoveries can be
achieved in the extraction of rare earth elements through
adsorption while using RVM as a novel method of mixing
and the negative environmental effects of rare earth min-
eral processing can be reduced with the use of sustainable
and green materials. In addition, the method applied in
this research shows that resonant vibratory mixing, when
applied to adsorption looks promising in identifying easy
means of separating rare earth elements. Future research
work to be done involves the use of peptides and modifying
biochar surface functional groups to selectively extract and
separate rare earth elements.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Research was sponsored by the Combat Capabilities
Development Command Army Research Laboratory and
was accomplished under cooperative Agreement Number
W911 NF-20-2-0163. The views and conclusions con-
tained in this document are those of the authors and
should not be interpreted as representing the official poli-
cies, either expressed or implied of the Combat Capabilities
Development Command Army Research Laboratory or the
U.S. government.
REFERENCES
[1] Kang, J., Kang, A.M.2020.Trend of the research on
rare earth elements in environmental science. Environ
Sci Pollut Res, 14318–14321.
[2] Barrett S. D. &Dhesi S. S. (2001). The structure
of rare-earth metal surfaces. Imperial College Press
Distributed by World Scientific Pub.
[3] Lehmann, J., and Joseph, S., eds. 2015. Biochar for
Environmental Management. London: Routledge.
doi: 10.4324/9780203762264.
[4] S.R. Carpenter et al. 1998. Nonpoint Pollution
of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen.
Ecological Applications, Ecological Society of
America, Volume 8, Issue 6.
[5] F. Shafizadeh 1982, Introduction to pyrolysis of bio-
mass, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis,
Volume 3, Issue 4,1982, Pages 283–305.
[6] Brennan, R.B. Healy, M.G. Fenton, O. Lanigan,
G.J. The Effect of Chemical Amendments Used
for Phosphorus Abatement on Greenhouse Gas
and Ammonia Emissions from Dairy Cattle
Slurry: Synergies and Pollution Swapping. PLoS
ONE 2015, 10, e0111965.
[7] Dorota Kołodyńska et al. 2018. Sorption of
Lanthanide ions on Biochar Composites. Journal of
Rare Earths, Volume 36, Issue 11: 1212–1220. doi:
10.1016/j.jre.2018.03.027.
[8] Olivier Pourret and David Houben. 2018.
Characterization of Metal binding sites onto Biochar
using Rare Earth Elements as Fingerprint. Science
Direct. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00543.
[9] Suzanne, M. Kresta et al. 2015. Handbook of
Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice. New York:
Wiley. Chpt 2.
[10] Xiaoyan Wu et al. 2024. High sedimentation efficiency
and enhanced rare earth recovery in the impurity
removal process of rare earth leachate by floccula-
tion system, Journal of Environmental and Chemical
Engineering, Volume 12, Issue 3,2024,112626, ISSN
2213–3437.
[11] Zhou, R., Zhang, M., Zhou, J. et al.2019. Optimization
of biochar preparation from the stem of Eichhornia
crassipes using response surface methodology on
adsorption of Cd2+. Sci Rep 9, 17538. doi: 10.1038/
s41598-019-54105-1.