XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1353
of metals influenced the nature of adsorption. The non-
transition metals are adsorbed by electrostatic forces, while
transition metals have free π-orbital which bonded with π
electrons of the biochar surfaces.
A research work carried out by Dorota Kolodynska et
al in 2018, investigated the sorption of lanthanide ions on
biochar composites indicated that pH, phase contact time,
and initial concentration of solution played important role
in the adsorption of lanthanide ions, although the only fur-
ther research performed was the investigation of sorption
mechanism using FTIR (Fourier transformed infra-red),
XRD (X-ray diffraction) and XPS (X-ray photo-electron
spectroscopy) analyses. The capability of biochar to immo-
bilize metals depends greatly on these functional groups
present at the biochar’s surface. Recent approach carried
out by Olivier Pourret et al, 2018, in the characterization of
metal binding sites onto biochar using rare earth elements
as case study revealed that the rate at which the rare earth
metals bond with biochar relies strongly on pH and ionic
strength. Results show that increase in strength of bond-
ing corresponded to the increase in pH and ionic strength.
Further research suggested that biochar’s effectiveness for
metal immobilization works well at almost neutral pH and
increased ionic strength. There are several types of adsorp-
tion mechanisms that occurs on the surface of biochar
when used to extract metal ions from aqueous solutions.
The Figure 2 illustrates how biochar adsorbs rare earth ele-
ments through different possible mediums.
In the adsorption of metals during mineral process-
ing operations, mixing and agitation play crucial roles in
Figure 2. Surface structure and adsorption REEs processes of biochar
of metals influenced the nature of adsorption. The non-
transition metals are adsorbed by electrostatic forces, while
transition metals have free π-orbital which bonded with π
electrons of the biochar surfaces.
A research work carried out by Dorota Kolodynska et
al in 2018, investigated the sorption of lanthanide ions on
biochar composites indicated that pH, phase contact time,
and initial concentration of solution played important role
in the adsorption of lanthanide ions, although the only fur-
ther research performed was the investigation of sorption
mechanism using FTIR (Fourier transformed infra-red),
XRD (X-ray diffraction) and XPS (X-ray photo-electron
spectroscopy) analyses. The capability of biochar to immo-
bilize metals depends greatly on these functional groups
present at the biochar’s surface. Recent approach carried
out by Olivier Pourret et al, 2018, in the characterization of
metal binding sites onto biochar using rare earth elements
as case study revealed that the rate at which the rare earth
metals bond with biochar relies strongly on pH and ionic
strength. Results show that increase in strength of bond-
ing corresponded to the increase in pH and ionic strength.
Further research suggested that biochar’s effectiveness for
metal immobilization works well at almost neutral pH and
increased ionic strength. There are several types of adsorp-
tion mechanisms that occurs on the surface of biochar
when used to extract metal ions from aqueous solutions.
The Figure 2 illustrates how biochar adsorbs rare earth ele-
ments through different possible mediums.
In the adsorption of metals during mineral process-
ing operations, mixing and agitation play crucial roles in
Figure 2. Surface structure and adsorption REEs processes of biochar