XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3 1255
The band 1053cm–1 could also be attributed to the phenol
group with stretching C=O vibrations (Tan et al., 2020
Zhao et al., 2021) .1425cm–1 may be attributed to the ali-
phatic hydrocarbons and alkenes(Zhao et al., 2021). The
existence of the bands 1539cm–1 and 2180cm–1 may be
due to the ether, carboxyl, and amide groups, respectively
(Ding et al., 2016 Wang et al., 2020 Zhang et al., 2011).
After lanthanum adsorption, the biochars’ chemical
composition and structure were determined using EDS
analysis. Point analysis was performed and indicated peaks
of carbon, oxygen, calcium, aluminum, gold, palladium,
and lanthanum appeared dominant. The green dots on the
map in Figure 11 represent areas where lanthanum was
dominant on the biochar surfaces, while the purple dots
represent areas where carbon was dominant on the biochar
surfaces. These findings were consistent with the experi-
mental findings, which showed an adsorption capacity of
129.9 mg/g for AH was almost three times more than SW.
Mixed Element System Tests Results
In this study, it was also targeted to investigate the effect
of competing ions and observe the applicability of biochar
adsorption when the system is fairly crowded with HREE,
LREEs, and impurity metals. A mixed system was prepared
to represent the typical acid mine drainage composition
due to adsorption being more favorable process in dilute
REE solutions. The study examined the impact of contact
durations, specifically at time intervals of 10 minutes, 30
a c
d f
g i
Figure 11. SEM/EDS imaging (a, d, g) and EDS mapping (c, f, i) of SW, WCC, and AH, respectively, after
lanthanum adsorption
The band 1053cm–1 could also be attributed to the phenol
group with stretching C=O vibrations (Tan et al., 2020
Zhao et al., 2021) .1425cm–1 may be attributed to the ali-
phatic hydrocarbons and alkenes(Zhao et al., 2021). The
existence of the bands 1539cm–1 and 2180cm–1 may be
due to the ether, carboxyl, and amide groups, respectively
(Ding et al., 2016 Wang et al., 2020 Zhang et al., 2011).
After lanthanum adsorption, the biochars’ chemical
composition and structure were determined using EDS
analysis. Point analysis was performed and indicated peaks
of carbon, oxygen, calcium, aluminum, gold, palladium,
and lanthanum appeared dominant. The green dots on the
map in Figure 11 represent areas where lanthanum was
dominant on the biochar surfaces, while the purple dots
represent areas where carbon was dominant on the biochar
surfaces. These findings were consistent with the experi-
mental findings, which showed an adsorption capacity of
129.9 mg/g for AH was almost three times more than SW.
Mixed Element System Tests Results
In this study, it was also targeted to investigate the effect
of competing ions and observe the applicability of biochar
adsorption when the system is fairly crowded with HREE,
LREEs, and impurity metals. A mixed system was prepared
to represent the typical acid mine drainage composition
due to adsorption being more favorable process in dilute
REE solutions. The study examined the impact of contact
durations, specifically at time intervals of 10 minutes, 30
a c
d f
g i
Figure 11. SEM/EDS imaging (a, d, g) and EDS mapping (c, f, i) of SW, WCC, and AH, respectively, after
lanthanum adsorption