1236 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
sizes and should be amenable to beneficiation. However,
the presence of hastingsite with its similar magnetic sus-
ceptibility and specific gravity, as well as flotation surface
chemistry responses, make separation extremely difficult.
In a positive sense, WHIMS is very effective in rejecting
the majority of non-magnetic gangue minerals, principally
feldspars and quartz, whilst still achieving high rare earth
element recovery.
Gravity separation is an alternative path to WHIMS
but does not achieve the same level of upgrade and is
limited by unit capacity in larger industrial scale settings.
Further upgrading with flotation or gravity separation has
proven largely unsuccessful, prompting the search for alter-
native methods.
Electrostatic separation using high tension roll separa-
tors shows good promise for rejection of hastingsite from
allanite through converting the mineral to a conductor.
Further work is proposed to explore its potential, either as
a precursor to WHIMS (for small scale projects) or enrich-
ment of WHIMS magnetics (larger scale projects).
Depending on the success of the preceding step in
rejecting hastingsite, flotation can then be employed but
relegated to a finishing stage to reject entrained silica, feld-
spars and .acid consuming gangue ahead of concentrate
leaching. By this stage, the mass to be treated with flotation
is small relative to new feed and costs associated with the
use of expensive collectors is diminished.
REFERENCES
American Rare Earths Limited (Sep 2022). Quarterly
Activities Report. https://americanrareearths.com.au.
Xia, L., Hart, B., and Loshusan, B. (2015). A Tof-SIMS
analysis of the effect of lead nitrate on rare earth flota-
tion. Minerals Engineering 70(2015):119–129.
Kursun, I., Terzi, M., &Ozdemir, O. (2019). Determination
of surface chemistry and flotation properties of rare
earth mineral allanite. Minerals Engineering 132(2019):
113–120.
Jordens, A., Cheng, Y. P., and Waters, K. E. (2013). A
review of the beneficiation of rare earth element bear-
ing minerals. Minerals Engineering 41(2013): 97–114.
Jordens, A., Marionn, C., Langlois, R., Grammatikopoulos,
T., Rowson, N. A., and Waters, K. E. (2016).
Beneficiation of the Nechalacho rare earth deposit.
Part 1: Gravity and magnetic separation. Minerals
Engineering 99(2016): 111–122.
Moustafa, M. I. and Abdelfattah, N. A. 2010). Physical
and chemical beneficiation of the Egyptian beach
monazite. Resource Geology 60(3): 288–299.
Laxmi, T. Aslan, N. and Rao, R.B. (2012). Optimization
of some parameters of high tension roll separator to
recover titaniferous placer minerals. International jour-
nal of engineering &applied sciences (IJEAS) 4(2): 9–25.
sizes and should be amenable to beneficiation. However,
the presence of hastingsite with its similar magnetic sus-
ceptibility and specific gravity, as well as flotation surface
chemistry responses, make separation extremely difficult.
In a positive sense, WHIMS is very effective in rejecting
the majority of non-magnetic gangue minerals, principally
feldspars and quartz, whilst still achieving high rare earth
element recovery.
Gravity separation is an alternative path to WHIMS
but does not achieve the same level of upgrade and is
limited by unit capacity in larger industrial scale settings.
Further upgrading with flotation or gravity separation has
proven largely unsuccessful, prompting the search for alter-
native methods.
Electrostatic separation using high tension roll separa-
tors shows good promise for rejection of hastingsite from
allanite through converting the mineral to a conductor.
Further work is proposed to explore its potential, either as
a precursor to WHIMS (for small scale projects) or enrich-
ment of WHIMS magnetics (larger scale projects).
Depending on the success of the preceding step in
rejecting hastingsite, flotation can then be employed but
relegated to a finishing stage to reject entrained silica, feld-
spars and .acid consuming gangue ahead of concentrate
leaching. By this stage, the mass to be treated with flotation
is small relative to new feed and costs associated with the
use of expensive collectors is diminished.
REFERENCES
American Rare Earths Limited (Sep 2022). Quarterly
Activities Report. https://americanrareearths.com.au.
Xia, L., Hart, B., and Loshusan, B. (2015). A Tof-SIMS
analysis of the effect of lead nitrate on rare earth flota-
tion. Minerals Engineering 70(2015):119–129.
Kursun, I., Terzi, M., &Ozdemir, O. (2019). Determination
of surface chemistry and flotation properties of rare
earth mineral allanite. Minerals Engineering 132(2019):
113–120.
Jordens, A., Cheng, Y. P., and Waters, K. E. (2013). A
review of the beneficiation of rare earth element bear-
ing minerals. Minerals Engineering 41(2013): 97–114.
Jordens, A., Marionn, C., Langlois, R., Grammatikopoulos,
T., Rowson, N. A., and Waters, K. E. (2016).
Beneficiation of the Nechalacho rare earth deposit.
Part 1: Gravity and magnetic separation. Minerals
Engineering 99(2016): 111–122.
Moustafa, M. I. and Abdelfattah, N. A. 2010). Physical
and chemical beneficiation of the Egyptian beach
monazite. Resource Geology 60(3): 288–299.
Laxmi, T. Aslan, N. and Rao, R.B. (2012). Optimization
of some parameters of high tension roll separator to
recover titaniferous placer minerals. International jour-
nal of engineering &applied sciences (IJEAS) 4(2): 9–25.