1186 XXXI International Mineral Processing Congress 2024 Proceedings/Washington, DC/Sep 29–Oct 3
To tackle this issue, a novel collector, Pb-MBHA (lead
complex of P-methylbenzohydroxamic acid) was designed.
By adding a methyl group to the ortho position of benzo
hydroxamic acid, the electron cloud density of the oxime
at the ortho-position increases, thereby enhancing the elec-
tron-accepting capability of Pb in the Pb-MBHA structure.
The LUMO energy of Pb-MBHA is significantly lower than
that of Pb-BHA, which implies that Pb-MBHA is more
effective than Pb-BHA in overcoming the hydration layer
and adsorbing onto the mineral surface, thereby achieving
surface hydrophobization of the minerals and subsequently
increasing their flotation recovery.
Consequently, an asynchronous flotation process was
formulated, and employed in an industrial trial at the
Shizhuyuan polymetallic mine. The novel process accounts
for the differential flotation rates of the three tungsten-tin
minerals by transitioning from a single-process to a dual-
process. The two stages employ different pH and flotation
reagents to yield distinct concentrates. Implemented in a
1500t/d ore dressing plant, the new process has markedly
elevated the recovery of tungsten and tin. The recovery rate
of WO3 has increased from 70% to 78%, while that of Sn
has risen from 9% to 22%. This work has adapted the novel
tungsten-tin recovery scheme to give improved recovery of
scheelite, wolframite, and cassiterite in complex tungsten-
tin deposits.
REFERENCES:
[1] Zhao, Z.W., et al., Status and prospect for tungsten
resources, technologies and industrial development in
China. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,
2019.
[2] WANG, X., et al., Review of tungsten resource
reserves, tungsten concentrate production and tung-
sten beneficiation technology in China. Transactions
of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2022. 32(7):
p. 2318–2338.
[3] Li, H., et al., Tracing the global tin flow network:
highly concentrated production and consumption.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2021. 169:
p. 105495.
[4] Angadi, S.I., et al., A review of cassiterite benefi-
ciation fundamentals and plant practices. Minerals
Engineering, 2015. 70: p. 178–200.
[5] Pereira, L., et al., On the impact of grinding condi-
tions in the flotation of semi-soluble salt-type mineral-
containing ores driven by surface or particle geometry
effects? International Journal of Mining Science and
Technology, 2023. 33(7): p. 855–872.
[6] Han, H., et al., Replacing Petrov’s process with atmo-
spheric flotation using Pb-BHA complexes for sepa-
rating scheelite from fluorite. Minerals engineering,
2020. 145: p. 106053.
[7] Han, H., et al., Fatty acid flotation versus BHA flo-
tation of tungsten minerals and their performance in
flotation practice. International Journal of Mineral
Processing, 2017. 159: p. 22–29.
[8] Wei, Z., et al., Configurations of lead(II)–benzohy-
droxamic acid complexes in colloid and interface:
A new perspective. Journal of Colloid and Interface
Science, 2020. 562: p. 342–351.
[9] Wei, Z., et al., Flotation chemistry of scheelite and its
practice: A comprehensive review. Minerals engineer-
ing, 2023. 204: p. 108404.
[10] Wei, Z., et al., Improving the flotation efficiency
of Pb–BHA complexes using an electron-donating
group. Chemical Engineering Science, 2021. 234:
p. 116461.
[11] Wu, K., et al., Trace element geochemistry, oxy-
gen isotope and U–Pb geochronology of multistage
scheelite: Implications for W-mineralization and
fluid evolution of Shizhuyuan W–Sn deposit, South
China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2023.
248: p. 107192.
[12] Tian, M., et al., Activation role of lead ions in ben-
zohydroxamic acid flotation of oxide minerals: New
perspective and new practice. Journal of Colloid and
Interface Science, 2018. 529: p. 150–160.
[13] Tian, M., et al., Study on the mechanism and appli-
cation of a novel collector-complexes in cassiterite flo-
tation. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and
Engineering Aspects, 2017. 522: p. 635–641.
[14] Wei, Z., et al., Enhanced electronic effect improves
the collecting efficiency of benzohydroxamic acid for
scheelite flotation. Minerals Engineering, 2020. 152:
p. 106308.
[15] Wei, Z., et al., Molecular design of multiple ligand
metal–organic framework (ML-MOF) collectors for
efficient flotation separation of minerals. Separation
and purification technology, 2024. 328: p. 125048.
[16] Abdalla, M.A.M., et al., Effect of synthesized mustard
soap on the scheelite surface during flotation. Colloids
and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering
Aspects, 2018. 548: p. 108–116.
[17] Kupka, N. and M. Rudolph, Froth flotation of
scheelite – A review. International Journal of Mining
Science and Technology, 2018. 28(3): p. 373–384.
To tackle this issue, a novel collector, Pb-MBHA (lead
complex of P-methylbenzohydroxamic acid) was designed.
By adding a methyl group to the ortho position of benzo
hydroxamic acid, the electron cloud density of the oxime
at the ortho-position increases, thereby enhancing the elec-
tron-accepting capability of Pb in the Pb-MBHA structure.
The LUMO energy of Pb-MBHA is significantly lower than
that of Pb-BHA, which implies that Pb-MBHA is more
effective than Pb-BHA in overcoming the hydration layer
and adsorbing onto the mineral surface, thereby achieving
surface hydrophobization of the minerals and subsequently
increasing their flotation recovery.
Consequently, an asynchronous flotation process was
formulated, and employed in an industrial trial at the
Shizhuyuan polymetallic mine. The novel process accounts
for the differential flotation rates of the three tungsten-tin
minerals by transitioning from a single-process to a dual-
process. The two stages employ different pH and flotation
reagents to yield distinct concentrates. Implemented in a
1500t/d ore dressing plant, the new process has markedly
elevated the recovery of tungsten and tin. The recovery rate
of WO3 has increased from 70% to 78%, while that of Sn
has risen from 9% to 22%. This work has adapted the novel
tungsten-tin recovery scheme to give improved recovery of
scheelite, wolframite, and cassiterite in complex tungsten-
tin deposits.
REFERENCES:
[1] Zhao, Z.W., et al., Status and prospect for tungsten
resources, technologies and industrial development in
China. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,
2019.
[2] WANG, X., et al., Review of tungsten resource
reserves, tungsten concentrate production and tung-
sten beneficiation technology in China. Transactions
of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2022. 32(7):
p. 2318–2338.
[3] Li, H., et al., Tracing the global tin flow network:
highly concentrated production and consumption.
Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2021. 169:
p. 105495.
[4] Angadi, S.I., et al., A review of cassiterite benefi-
ciation fundamentals and plant practices. Minerals
Engineering, 2015. 70: p. 178–200.
[5] Pereira, L., et al., On the impact of grinding condi-
tions in the flotation of semi-soluble salt-type mineral-
containing ores driven by surface or particle geometry
effects? International Journal of Mining Science and
Technology, 2023. 33(7): p. 855–872.
[6] Han, H., et al., Replacing Petrov’s process with atmo-
spheric flotation using Pb-BHA complexes for sepa-
rating scheelite from fluorite. Minerals engineering,
2020. 145: p. 106053.
[7] Han, H., et al., Fatty acid flotation versus BHA flo-
tation of tungsten minerals and their performance in
flotation practice. International Journal of Mineral
Processing, 2017. 159: p. 22–29.
[8] Wei, Z., et al., Configurations of lead(II)–benzohy-
droxamic acid complexes in colloid and interface:
A new perspective. Journal of Colloid and Interface
Science, 2020. 562: p. 342–351.
[9] Wei, Z., et al., Flotation chemistry of scheelite and its
practice: A comprehensive review. Minerals engineer-
ing, 2023. 204: p. 108404.
[10] Wei, Z., et al., Improving the flotation efficiency
of Pb–BHA complexes using an electron-donating
group. Chemical Engineering Science, 2021. 234:
p. 116461.
[11] Wu, K., et al., Trace element geochemistry, oxy-
gen isotope and U–Pb geochronology of multistage
scheelite: Implications for W-mineralization and
fluid evolution of Shizhuyuan W–Sn deposit, South
China. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2023.
248: p. 107192.
[12] Tian, M., et al., Activation role of lead ions in ben-
zohydroxamic acid flotation of oxide minerals: New
perspective and new practice. Journal of Colloid and
Interface Science, 2018. 529: p. 150–160.
[13] Tian, M., et al., Study on the mechanism and appli-
cation of a novel collector-complexes in cassiterite flo-
tation. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and
Engineering Aspects, 2017. 522: p. 635–641.
[14] Wei, Z., et al., Enhanced electronic effect improves
the collecting efficiency of benzohydroxamic acid for
scheelite flotation. Minerals Engineering, 2020. 152:
p. 106308.
[15] Wei, Z., et al., Molecular design of multiple ligand
metal–organic framework (ML-MOF) collectors for
efficient flotation separation of minerals. Separation
and purification technology, 2024. 328: p. 125048.
[16] Abdalla, M.A.M., et al., Effect of synthesized mustard
soap on the scheelite surface during flotation. Colloids
and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering
Aspects, 2018. 548: p. 108–116.
[17] Kupka, N. and M. Rudolph, Froth flotation of
scheelite – A review. International Journal of Mining
Science and Technology, 2018. 28(3): p. 373–384.