10
for the physically demanding occupation to efficiently
address heat-related hazards. The predictive abilities of the
Predicted Heat Strain (PHS) model, outlined in ISO 7933
(2004) [32], have now enabled the development of tailored
guidelines, triggered by localized thresholds. These guide-
lines can empower on-site supervisory personnel to handle
heat-related risks promptly and knowledgeably in both
construction and mining sites. Consequently, an ongoing
endeavor at SafeGuard is to harness the full potential of the
PHS model, capitalizing on its predictive capabilities for
two key objectives: firstly, to facilitate managerial decisions
regarding optimized work-rest schedules for paced work,
and secondly, to empower workers to self-regulate during
self-paced work.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank the Queensland Mines
Rescue Service (QMRS) for participation in the field trial
and the use of its training facilities.
REFERENCES
[1] Ranjan, A., Zhao, Y., Sahu, H. B., and Misra, P
(2019), “Opportunities and Challenges in Health
Sensing for Extreme Industrial Environment:
Perspectives from Underground Mines,” IEEE Access,
7, 139181–139195. Accessed on April 23, 2023, at
doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941436.
[2] Notley, S. R., Flouris, A. D., and Kenny, G. P. (2018),
“On the use of wearable physiological monitors to
assess heat strain during occupational heat stress,”
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 43(9),
869–881.
[3] Smallcombe, J.W., Foster, J., Hodder, S.G., Flouris,
A.D. and Hevenith, G (2022), “Quantifying the
impact of heat on human physical work capacity
part IV: interactions between work duration and heat
stress severity,” Int J Biometeorol, 66, pp. 2463–2476.
[4] Bruschi, K (2019), “Handling the heat |Heat stress
risk factors. Australasian Mine Safety Journal,”
Accessed at: www.amsj.com.au/heat-stress-risk
-handling-the-heat/.
[5] Yousef, H., Ahangar, R., and Varacallo, M (2022),
“Physiology Thermal Regulation,” National Center
of Biotechnology Information,” (StatPearls Publishing.
Accessed on March 28, 2023, at www.ncbi.nlm.nih
.gov/books/NBK499843/#_NBK499843_pubdet_.
[6] Kreuzer, J (2021), “Body Temperature,” Cosinus,
Retrieved on March 28, 2023, from www
.cosinuss.com/en/measured-data/vital-signs/body
-temperature/.
[7] Vorvick, L (2019), “Body temperature norms,”
University of Florida Health, Retrieved on April 3,
2023, from ufhealth.org/body-temperature-norms.
[8] Almberg, K., and Cohen., R (2023). Modern Coal
Miners Have Higher Death Rates from Lung Diseases
than their Predecessors. Center for Diseases Control
and Prevention. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from
blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2023/02/27
/mining-lung-disease/.
[9] Buller, M.J., Tharion, W.J., Cheuvront, S.N.,
Montain, S.J., Kenefick, R.W., Castellani, J., Latzka,
W.A., Roberts, W.S., Richter, M., Jenkins, O.C.,
and Hoyt, R.W (2013, “Estimation of human core
temperature from sequential heart rate observations,”
Physiol Meas, 34(7), pp. 781–98.
[10] Niedermann, R., Wyss, E., Annaheim, S., Psikuta,
A., Davey, S., and Rossi, R. M (2014), “Prediction
of human core body temperature using non-inva-
sive measurement methods,” Int. J. Biometeorol 58,
pp. 7–15.
[11] Eggenberger, P., Bürgisser, M., Rossi, R.M.,
Annaheim, S (2021), “Body Temperature Is
Associated with Cognitive Performance in Older
Adults with and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment:
A Cross-sectional Analysis,” Front Aging Neurosci.
12 13:585904.
[12] Welles, A.P., Xu, X., Santee, W.R., Looney, D.P.,
Buller, M.J., Potter, A.W. and Hoyt, R.W (2018),
“Estimation of core body temperature from skin tem-
perature, heat flux, and heart rate using a Kalman fil-
ter,” Computers in Biology and Medicine 99, pp. 1–6.
[13] Kalman, R. E (1960), “A New Approach to Linear
Filtering and Prediction Problems,” J. Basic Eng.,
82(1), pp. 35–45.
[14] Looney, A.L., Huntingford, J.L., Blaeser, L.L., Mann,
S (2018) “A randomized blind placebo-controlled
trial investigating the effects of photobiomodulation
therapy (PBMT) on canine elbow osteoarthritis,”
Can Vet J. 59(9), pp. 959–966.
[15] Buller, M. J., Davey, T., Fallowfield, J.L., Montain, S.
J., Hoyt, R.W. and Delves, S.K (2020), “Estimated and
measured core temperature responses to high-inten-
sity warm weather military training: Implications for
exertional heat illness risk assessment,” Physiological
Measurement 41.
[16] Tanaka, M., Fukuda, S., Mizuno, K., Kuratsune, H.,
Watanabe, Y (2009), “Stress and coping styles are
associated with severe fatigue in medical students,”
Behav Med. 35(3), pp. 87–92.
for the physically demanding occupation to efficiently
address heat-related hazards. The predictive abilities of the
Predicted Heat Strain (PHS) model, outlined in ISO 7933
(2004) [32], have now enabled the development of tailored
guidelines, triggered by localized thresholds. These guide-
lines can empower on-site supervisory personnel to handle
heat-related risks promptly and knowledgeably in both
construction and mining sites. Consequently, an ongoing
endeavor at SafeGuard is to harness the full potential of the
PHS model, capitalizing on its predictive capabilities for
two key objectives: firstly, to facilitate managerial decisions
regarding optimized work-rest schedules for paced work,
and secondly, to empower workers to self-regulate during
self-paced work.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank the Queensland Mines
Rescue Service (QMRS) for participation in the field trial
and the use of its training facilities.
REFERENCES
[1] Ranjan, A., Zhao, Y., Sahu, H. B., and Misra, P
(2019), “Opportunities and Challenges in Health
Sensing for Extreme Industrial Environment:
Perspectives from Underground Mines,” IEEE Access,
7, 139181–139195. Accessed on April 23, 2023, at
doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2941436.
[2] Notley, S. R., Flouris, A. D., and Kenny, G. P. (2018),
“On the use of wearable physiological monitors to
assess heat strain during occupational heat stress,”
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 43(9),
869–881.
[3] Smallcombe, J.W., Foster, J., Hodder, S.G., Flouris,
A.D. and Hevenith, G (2022), “Quantifying the
impact of heat on human physical work capacity
part IV: interactions between work duration and heat
stress severity,” Int J Biometeorol, 66, pp. 2463–2476.
[4] Bruschi, K (2019), “Handling the heat |Heat stress
risk factors. Australasian Mine Safety Journal,”
Accessed at: www.amsj.com.au/heat-stress-risk
-handling-the-heat/.
[5] Yousef, H., Ahangar, R., and Varacallo, M (2022),
“Physiology Thermal Regulation,” National Center
of Biotechnology Information,” (StatPearls Publishing.
Accessed on March 28, 2023, at www.ncbi.nlm.nih
.gov/books/NBK499843/#_NBK499843_pubdet_.
[6] Kreuzer, J (2021), “Body Temperature,” Cosinus,
Retrieved on March 28, 2023, from www
.cosinuss.com/en/measured-data/vital-signs/body
-temperature/.
[7] Vorvick, L (2019), “Body temperature norms,”
University of Florida Health, Retrieved on April 3,
2023, from ufhealth.org/body-temperature-norms.
[8] Almberg, K., and Cohen., R (2023). Modern Coal
Miners Have Higher Death Rates from Lung Diseases
than their Predecessors. Center for Diseases Control
and Prevention. Retrieved April 12, 2023, from
blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2023/02/27
/mining-lung-disease/.
[9] Buller, M.J., Tharion, W.J., Cheuvront, S.N.,
Montain, S.J., Kenefick, R.W., Castellani, J., Latzka,
W.A., Roberts, W.S., Richter, M., Jenkins, O.C.,
and Hoyt, R.W (2013, “Estimation of human core
temperature from sequential heart rate observations,”
Physiol Meas, 34(7), pp. 781–98.
[10] Niedermann, R., Wyss, E., Annaheim, S., Psikuta,
A., Davey, S., and Rossi, R. M (2014), “Prediction
of human core body temperature using non-inva-
sive measurement methods,” Int. J. Biometeorol 58,
pp. 7–15.
[11] Eggenberger, P., Bürgisser, M., Rossi, R.M.,
Annaheim, S (2021), “Body Temperature Is
Associated with Cognitive Performance in Older
Adults with and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment:
A Cross-sectional Analysis,” Front Aging Neurosci.
12 13:585904.
[12] Welles, A.P., Xu, X., Santee, W.R., Looney, D.P.,
Buller, M.J., Potter, A.W. and Hoyt, R.W (2018),
“Estimation of core body temperature from skin tem-
perature, heat flux, and heart rate using a Kalman fil-
ter,” Computers in Biology and Medicine 99, pp. 1–6.
[13] Kalman, R. E (1960), “A New Approach to Linear
Filtering and Prediction Problems,” J. Basic Eng.,
82(1), pp. 35–45.
[14] Looney, A.L., Huntingford, J.L., Blaeser, L.L., Mann,
S (2018) “A randomized blind placebo-controlled
trial investigating the effects of photobiomodulation
therapy (PBMT) on canine elbow osteoarthritis,”
Can Vet J. 59(9), pp. 959–966.
[15] Buller, M. J., Davey, T., Fallowfield, J.L., Montain, S.
J., Hoyt, R.W. and Delves, S.K (2020), “Estimated and
measured core temperature responses to high-inten-
sity warm weather military training: Implications for
exertional heat illness risk assessment,” Physiological
Measurement 41.
[16] Tanaka, M., Fukuda, S., Mizuno, K., Kuratsune, H.,
Watanabe, Y (2009), “Stress and coping styles are
associated with severe fatigue in medical students,”
Behav Med. 35(3), pp. 87–92.