5
Safeguard Live application can establish connections
with multiple wearable sensors and is capable of monitor-
ing physiological metrics, location data, and environmental
information [27]. When paired with compatible sensors,
it provides participants with alarm function (Figure 3b),
monitoring privacy through the opt-in session initiation
feature (Figure 4a) and full access to their own data through
the personal dashboard (Figure 4b).
enabling supervisors to effectively oversee the health
and safety of users [27].
Before the testing, each participant was equipped
with a PVS and a mobile gateway (a mobile phone). The
SafeGuard application was installed on mobile phones
followed by establishing a Bluetooth connection between
the PVS and the application. Additionally, participants
were required to input fundamental demographics, such
as, height, age, and weight into the application to enable
personalized analytics and accurate post-trial analysis. Two
different types of tests were conducted:
1. Baseline Test (Dysart)—Test participants (mine
rescuers) had their biometrics measured, moni-
tored, and recorded during routine, low-activity
behavior (Classroom activity).
2. Concept Test (Dysart)—Test participants had
their biometrics data monitored and recorded
while undertaking operational tasks: Long
Duration Breathing Apparatus (LDBA) prepara-
tion and marching, container training, firefight-
ing, and search &rescue.
Throughout the testing period, participants assumed
four distinct roles on a rotational basis: Captain, Vice-
Captain, Fresh Air Base, and Vice Fresh Air Base, in addi-
tion to undertaking specific training activities. The Captain
and Vice-Captain roles were responsible for leading the
team in various activities and ensuring the safety and effi-
ciency of rescue operations in the event of emergencies or
accidents during the training. Those assigned to the Fresh
Air Base roles played a critical part in maintaining a secure
and healthy environment for the trainees. Their contribu-
tions were directly linked to accident prevention, air quality
maintenance, and the reduction of health risks. To protect
personal privacy, the participants signed consent forms and
a de-identification process was implemented by assigning
each participant a unique number from 001 to 008. These
assigned numbers remained constant throughout the entire
testing period.
The participants were monitored during a series of
activities (Figure 5). The activities included: classroom
debriefings e.g., low-stress testing in the morning, Long
Duration Breathing Apparatus (LDBA) preparation
(Figure 5a), LDBA marching around the premises of the
QRMS headquarters (Figure 5b), container training, where
ventilation surveys occurred (Figure 5c-d), fresh air base
(FAB) (Figure 5e), and three-story mazes (4 m × 10 m),
where firefighting and search &rescue missions occurred
and where wet room—hot and humid room configured
to be at 44–47 degree Celsius and a humidity of 100%
Figure 3. SafeGuard screenshots highlighting. a) TC, b)
alert notification experience
Figure 4. SafeGuard screenshots showing. a) group selection
and starting monitoring display, b) personal dashboard of
user data
Safeguard Live application can establish connections
with multiple wearable sensors and is capable of monitor-
ing physiological metrics, location data, and environmental
information [27]. When paired with compatible sensors,
it provides participants with alarm function (Figure 3b),
monitoring privacy through the opt-in session initiation
feature (Figure 4a) and full access to their own data through
the personal dashboard (Figure 4b).
enabling supervisors to effectively oversee the health
and safety of users [27].
Before the testing, each participant was equipped
with a PVS and a mobile gateway (a mobile phone). The
SafeGuard application was installed on mobile phones
followed by establishing a Bluetooth connection between
the PVS and the application. Additionally, participants
were required to input fundamental demographics, such
as, height, age, and weight into the application to enable
personalized analytics and accurate post-trial analysis. Two
different types of tests were conducted:
1. Baseline Test (Dysart)—Test participants (mine
rescuers) had their biometrics measured, moni-
tored, and recorded during routine, low-activity
behavior (Classroom activity).
2. Concept Test (Dysart)—Test participants had
their biometrics data monitored and recorded
while undertaking operational tasks: Long
Duration Breathing Apparatus (LDBA) prepara-
tion and marching, container training, firefight-
ing, and search &rescue.
Throughout the testing period, participants assumed
four distinct roles on a rotational basis: Captain, Vice-
Captain, Fresh Air Base, and Vice Fresh Air Base, in addi-
tion to undertaking specific training activities. The Captain
and Vice-Captain roles were responsible for leading the
team in various activities and ensuring the safety and effi-
ciency of rescue operations in the event of emergencies or
accidents during the training. Those assigned to the Fresh
Air Base roles played a critical part in maintaining a secure
and healthy environment for the trainees. Their contribu-
tions were directly linked to accident prevention, air quality
maintenance, and the reduction of health risks. To protect
personal privacy, the participants signed consent forms and
a de-identification process was implemented by assigning
each participant a unique number from 001 to 008. These
assigned numbers remained constant throughout the entire
testing period.
The participants were monitored during a series of
activities (Figure 5). The activities included: classroom
debriefings e.g., low-stress testing in the morning, Long
Duration Breathing Apparatus (LDBA) preparation
(Figure 5a), LDBA marching around the premises of the
QRMS headquarters (Figure 5b), container training, where
ventilation surveys occurred (Figure 5c-d), fresh air base
(FAB) (Figure 5e), and three-story mazes (4 m × 10 m),
where firefighting and search &rescue missions occurred
and where wet room—hot and humid room configured
to be at 44–47 degree Celsius and a humidity of 100%
Figure 3. SafeGuard screenshots highlighting. a) TC, b)
alert notification experience
Figure 4. SafeGuard screenshots showing. a) group selection
and starting monitoring display, b) personal dashboard of
user data